P
ENSION SCHEME
IMPLEMENTATION
GUIDANCE
VOTE REPORTING TEMPLATE
FOR ASSET OWNERS
THE STANDARD RAISING
Vote reporting template for pension scheme implementation statement - Guidance for Trustees
© 2020 Pensions and Lifetime Savings Association 2
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION 3
ABOUT THIS GUIDANCE 5
QUICK START VS. DEEPER DIVES 5
WHAT IS THE PLSA VOTE REPORTING TEMPLATE? 7
WHAT DO TRUSTEES NEED TO DO BEFOREHAND? 8
WHAT HAPPENS ONCE YOU GET THE COMPLETED TEMPLATE? 8
THE STEPS TRUSTEES NEED TO TAKE 9
HOW TO PRESENT THE DATA 16
ANNEX 1 | VOTING TEMPLATES 18
ANNEX 2 | REGULATORY BACKGROUND 23
VOTING OPPORTUNITIES BEYOND LISTED EQUITIES REGULATORY EXPECTATIONS 24
ANNEX 3 | SEGREGATED OR INTERMEDIATED ARRANGEMENTS 25
POOLED FUNDS 25
SEGREGATED MANDATES 27
FIDUCIARY MANAGEMENT 27
ANNEX 4 | PLSA CRITERIA FOR “MOST SIGNIFICANT” VOTES 29
ANNEX 5 | THE IMPORTANCE OF (STEWARDSHIP) CONFLICT IDENTIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT 31
ANNEX 6 | FURTHER READING 32
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 33
DISCLAIMER 34
Vote reporting template for pension scheme implementation statement - Guidance for Trustees
© 2020 Pensions and Lifetime Savings Association 3
INTRODUCTION
Although good stewardship of assets extends beyond voting, the PLSA believes that effective use of
a vote to demonstrate support for, or to sanction, a company on its approach and behaviour is a
vital tool for investors.
1
Even where trustees have investments in pooled arrangements as opposed
to segregated mandates, there are still ways in which they can influence their managers on their
voting behaviour.
2
Recent changes to the law
3
mean trustees of both DB-only and DC/hybrid schemes are now
required to produce annual Implementation Statements describing how (and the extent to which)
their policies on exercising rights (including voting rights) and undertaking engagement in respect
of their investments have been followed during the year.
4
These disclosures will include describing
the voting behaviour by trustees themselves, as well as by those voting on their behalf (including
the most significant votes and the use of any proxy voting services).To produce this, trustees may
need voting information from their equity managers,
5
as well as managers who hold equities as
part of a multi-asset fund (or hold other assets with attached voting rights, such as some private
market assets). We clarify throughout this document key points and mechanisms for trustees’
engagement, influence and (where applicable) challenge of their managers on voting, across
different investment arrangements.
These new regulations require that trustees’ voting behaviour disclosures must relate back to their
own portfolio. However, asset managers are currently only required to produce a “general
description” of their voting and engagement behaviour – likely to happen at a firm-wide level
rather than at the mandate/fund-level which trustees need.
6
Trustees will also want the voting
information from their managers to be presented in a way which allows them to compare the
information when, for example, deciding which were the “most significant votes” were cast and
which aligns with their own stewardship policy.
This is why the PLSA has worked with its cross-industry Voting and Implementation Statement
Working Group (VISWG) and Stakeholder Group to produce a first version Vote Reporting
Template which asset managers are encouraged to fill in to provide this information to pension
scheme trustees.
1
We cover the role which effective exercise of a vote can play in ensuring effective scheme stewardship of assets in much greater depth in
our PLSA Stewardship Guide and Voting Guidelines 2020.
2
The PLSA has produced several guides outlining how trustees and scheme investment decision-makers can do this, including
Engaging the Engagers.
3
Please see the Occupational Pension Schemes (Investment and Disclosure) (Amendment) Regulations 2019.
4
Please see Annex 2 for a summary of the relevant regulatory background.
5
The trustees may cast votes themselves.
6
The relevant rules for asset managers are COBS 2.2B.7B and for platform providers SYSC 3.4.7B(2). In addition to a general
description of voting behaviour, an explanation of the most significant votes and reporting on the use of the services of proxy advisers,
firms must (subject to not disclosing votes which are insignificant) disclose how it has cast votes in the general meetings of companies
in which it holds shares. Please also see our Vote Reporting Template Guidance for Asset Managers for further explanation around
the duties placed on asset managers under the Second Shareholder Rights Directive.
Vote reporting template for pension scheme implementation statement - Guidance for Trustees
© 2020 Pensions and Lifetime Savings Association 4
Asset managers providing more consistent reporting to their clients at a mandate/fund level will in
turn mean that:
Trustees will be able to receive the information in the same format for every fund or mandate,
which will make it easier to disclose this in a consistent format
Trustees will have information on voting which is more “decision-useful”
Trustees will be able to better compare the service and approach provided by different
managers
Trustees who are signatories to the UK Stewardship Code will be able to use these disclosures to
help meet their reporting requirements.
Vote reporting template for pension scheme implementation statement - Guidance for Trustees
© 2020 Pensions and Lifetime Savings Association 5
ABOUT THIS GUIDANCE
This guidance sets out:
An overview of the Vote Reporting Template
Where the Template ‘fits in’ as part of the trustees’ broader work to scrutinise their managers’
voting behaviour undertaken on their behalf
The steps trustees need to take before presenting the Template to managers
What information trustees will get from the Template
How to use this information.
It is designed to be used alongside our PLSA Implementation Statement Guidance, which includes
a specific chapter on how to produce clear, effective and meaningful disclosures on voting
behaviour in the Implementation Statement; this is the ‘next step’ which trustees need to take after
reading this guidance and gathering the relevant information.
The PLSA has produced similar guidance for asset managers on how to fill out the Template
7
, and
this may also be worthwhile for trustees and their advisers to read.
Although the primary purpose of following the guidance should be to ensure voting behaviour is
consistent with the trustees’ investment objectives, we note that any significant decisions which are
taken by trustees using the structure below could also be used in any descriptions of trustees’
voting behaviour in their Implementation Statements.
Please note: we have tested this template with asset managers and recognise that it will need to
evolve as the market develops. Some managers’ systems and processes will require changes to be
able to provide the information required for trustees to make their own regulatory disclosures,
particularly in relation to the “most significant” votes on trustees’ behalf.
However: we think it remains worthwhile even at this stage to produce something ‘ready-made’ for
trustees to ask their managers to fill out. As we make clear later in the guide, the Template is just
one piece in the puzzle and we encourage trustees to consider how to use it as part of an overall
strategy of seeking to engage with, influence and where necessary challenge their managers on
their voting decisions and approach.
QUICK START VS. DEEPER DIVES
The main part of the document is designed to be a ‘quick start’ guide for trustees in facilitating the
use of the Template with their asset managers.
7
Please see Vote Reporting Template Guidance for Asset Managers
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We strongly recommend that trustees also read the Annexes as these do ‘deeper dives’ into
issues such as:
Regulatory background
The detail of the Template
Voting disclosures for non-listed equities
The importance of (managing) voting conflicts
Although we anticipate that the Vote Reporting Template will evolve over time this is just the
‘first version’ and the PLSA will consider how to build on this in future. We hope that this will
provide a good starting point and additional tool in the dialogue between trustees and their
managers on the voting behaviour and how they can work together to ensure effective scheme
stewardship.
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WHAT IS THE PLSA VOTE REPORTING TEMPLATE?
The Template is also not intended to be merely a one-way communication flow from fund manager
to clients. Instead, trustees should use it to facilitate scrutiny and to create a more efficient and
robust dialogue between trustees and their managers and advisers.
The Template takes the form of an Excel spreadsheet and asks managers (or platform providers) to
fill in information about voting behaviour either at the fund- or mandate-level, depending on
whether they are filling in the information from a pooled fund or segregated mandate perspective.
This information should then be provided to the trustees and/or their advisers who will be able to
help trustees assess and review the information, before deciding how they should disclose the data.
All implementation statements must contain a description of the voting behaviour by, or on behalf
of, trustees (including the most significant votes cast). In many cases, for example where trustees
invest through pooled funds or via fund platforms, the voting rights might be held by the fund
rather than the trustee. However, such votes are still cast by the manager of the fund “on behalf of”
the fund’s investors in a broader sense and the policy intent is therefore that such voting behaviour
should be covered by the implementation statement. Trustees should assume that any regulatory
approach will follow this principle.
Where investments are held through multiple layers (for example where trustees invest in funds of
funds) it is reasonable for trustees to expect that managers operating such fund of funds are able to
report on ultimate votes cast by underlying managers, as part of their own engagement activities
and trustees should seek this information from their manager(s) for inclusion in their
implementation statement.
There are two elements for managers to fill out. A summary of all the manager’s voting behaviour
at the fund- or mandate-level and information on each of the 10 (at a minimum) “Most Significant
Votes” – which will have been decided by the manager with reference to PLSA criteria
8
(and any
voting policies or issues highlighted by the trustees).
The templates are included in Annex 1. Some of the questions asked are as follows:
Details around voting policies: e.g. description of the voting process, use of any proxy voting
services
Quantitative information for the fund or mandate: e.g., number of meetings eligible to vote at,
number of votes cast in total, number of votes cast for/against/abstained, whether the manager
voted contrary to the recommendation of any proxy advisor for each fund
Details of the “most significant” votes cast for each fund (including rationale for the vote and
outcome of the vote)
Information on how the manager has managed and mitigated any stewardship conflicts.
9
8
Please see Annex 4 for these criteria.
9
The PLSA has included conflicts in our templates because we are aware that currently there is variable level and quality of disclosure on
conflicts from managers. Although managers will have a firm-wide approach to conflicts generally, there will be a specific range of
stewardship-relevant conflicts which managers are asked to disclose. We explore this further on p 26.
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WHAT DO TRUSTEES NEED TO DO BEFOREHAND?
Trustees need information from their managers to produce compliant but also meaningful and
relevant voting behaviour disclosures in their Implementation Statements.
Although our Template is designed to make life easier for trustees in gathering relevant voting
behaviour information, filtering out any voting ‘noise’, comparing (and influencing) asset manager
approaches and producing disclosures which are meaningful and relevant, it is not designed to be
used in isolation.
The PLSA has recently produced practical guidance for trustees on how to produce their
Implementation Statement, which includes a specific section on how and what to disclose on
voting behaviour over the course of the year. We strongly encourage trustees to read this chapter
first. Once this has been read, we think that the trustees should take the following steps in the run
up to giving the template to their asset managers (further details below):
1. Ascertain which funds/mandates have voting opportunities
2. Understand their investment arrangements and how this could influence voting
3. Agree the process for maximising influence
4. Communicate expectations to managers/platform providers
5. Ask managers to complete the Vote Reporting Template
After giving their template to asset managers, trustees should take the following steps to work with
them to confirm and validate the collection of the information.
6. Assess and discuss any gaps in the information
7. Consider validation or assurance of data
8. Interpret the data
Managers will not necessarily be aware of their clients’ scheme year end dates, when clients will
first ask them to disclose this information or, in some cases if invested via a platform, which clients
hold which fund. As such, the sooner trustees start the process, the better.
WHAT HAPPENS ONCE YOU GET THE COMPLETED TEMPLATE?
Trustees should have already agreed timescales for reporting this information and they should also
have a good idea of what information they will be able to expect from their managers.
If trustees are not able to get the relevant voting information from their managers or other service
providers, they should include as much detail as they can in their Implementation Statement in
these circumstances. Trustees should also explain what information is missing, why the
information is missing and how they intend to rectify the situation.
10
10
See PLSA Implementation Statement Guidance (July 2020). We understand that the Regulator’s response to any breaches of the
legislation will depend on the particular facts of a specific case and that it will adopt a reasonable approach in relation to any
enforcement. TPR’s power to fine for such a breach will arise in circumstances where “there is no reasonable excuse”.
Vote reporting template for pension scheme implementation statement - Guidance for Trustees
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THE STEPS TRUSTEES NEED TO TAKE
After reading the PLSA Implementation Statement Guidance and agreeing the trustees’ approach
generally to implementation statements, trustees should:
1. Ascertain which funds/mandates have voting opportunities
The majority of voting activity will take place across listed equity, including listed equities held in
multi-asset funds, but this is not the only asset class where voting opportunities may arise. Certain
bonds, property and private equity may also have carried voting opportunities over the course of
the year. Because in many cases these voting rights are triggered by a crisis or unusual
circumstances, these votes may be of particular importance to value preservation.
2. Understand their investment arrangements and how this impacts voting
influence
Trustees will have different mechanisms for holding managers to account on voting depending on
whether they hold assets in pooled or segregated arrangements, either directly or via a platform
provider. They should discuss with their advisers and lawyers the precise nature of their
investment arrangements, but we can generally say the following:
Pooled funds: voting entitlements (where they arise) generally although not exclusively lie
with the asset manager, as the legal owner of the securities in the fund.
Platform provider: trustees’ direct legal relationship is with the platform provider and not with
the underlying managers themselves. The platform provider may retain the voting rights or, on
occasion delegate them to the managers.
Custodian arrangements: these may also have an impact depending on whether the underlying
investments are held by a global custodian in a separate designation for the investment
manager, or whether they are held in an ‘omnibus’ structure, mixed in with the assets of many
other investors.
Trustees should ensure that they work with their advisers and managers to clarify roles,
responsibilities and timescales for reporting.
Please also see Annex 3 for further details on some of the differences of approach required for
schemes with investments in segregated mandates and those invested in more intermediated
arrangements.
3. Agree the process for maximising influence
Trustees are responsible for scheme investment decisions and this includes the voting activities
undertaken by the managers they appoint. Schemes with segregated arrangements will have the
most opportunity to direct voting behaviour. However, trustees are not expected to take an in-
depth and specific decision on how to vote on every resolution at every company in which they have
Vote reporting template for pension scheme implementation statement - Guidance for Trustees
© 2020 Pensions and Lifetime Savings Association 10
a holding and if the scheme’s assets are invested in pooled arrangements or on a platform, they
may not have the power to direct how individual votes are exercised.
11
Nonetheless, trustees
invested in pooled arrangements still have avenues for engaging with and influencing their asset
managers’ approach to voting – even if their governance budget is limited.
As with any other investment issues, trustees should clearly articulate their expectations on voting
behaviour (and stewardship generally) to their asset managers and advisers. They should also think
about how they will hold their managers and advisers to account. To do so, we would urge trustees
to consider the following to help them maximise their influence over manager voting behaviour:
Build a voting policy
Producing a voting policy
12
does not have to be a time- or resource- intensive exercise, and it
can be helpful not only in providing a benchmark for measuring manager behaviour, but also as
a ready-to-use tool for making trustees’ expectations clear to both prospective and current
managers.
The least resource-intensive way of doing so is to adopt, or build upon, generic Voting
Guidelines which are already available. This includes the PLSA’s Stewardship Guidance and
Voting Guidelines which are updated in Q1 each year and provide detailed guidance on how
trustees (and their managers) should consider voting on specific issues and resolutions.
13
Trustees could also consider producing their own voting policy by working with their advisers,
to consider what issues, companies, themes or geographies are most material for their fund
including explicit linkages to investment objectives and stewardship beliefs and what this
means for both their own voting disclosures and their expectations of their managers.
Trustees may also want to consider how this aligns with new requirements to disclose asset
manager arrangement policies in their Statement of Investment Principles (SIP) this can be a
useful additional tool in setting out trustees’ voting expectations with managers and to assist
with the governance framework for producing the implementation statement.
Set/revise objectives for investment consultants
Given the key role that investment advisers play in strategic asset allocation, manager selection
and the request and evaluation of information from asset managers, it is important that trustees
have an appropriate benchmark against which to measure their consultants on supporting the
trustee board on stewardship (including voting) activity.
11
Although we know of several managers who do allow client-directed voting in their pooled funds. We have long encouraged trustees in
their manager selection process to ask whether the manager allows for this (for relevant mandates) and if not, what their approach to
voting in pooled funds or discussion with clients is.
12
Please see the PLSA’s 2020 Stewardship Guidance and Voting Guidelines for much more detailed guidance on how to build a
meaningful voting policy, and how it should fit in with the trustees’ approach to stewardship and engagement, as well as with trustees’
investment objectives.
13
We also encourage trustees to explore the AMNT’s Red Line Voting Initiative.
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The CMA’s
14
recent requirement for trustees to agree objectives for their investment consultants
provide a useful additional tool. Trustees should incorporate specific consultant objectives
around stewardship (and voting) and review them periodically.
Agree principles around “most significant” votes
A key disclosure that trustees will have to make is on the “most significant” votes which have
been cast on their behalf. Asset managers are currently debating what constitutes a “most
significant” vote from their perspective but the votes that managers would select if asked to
report on a “most significant” vote may not be the ones that trustees want disclosed to them.
Trustees should therefore:
Agree with their advisers some high-level principles around what constitutes “most
significant” (this will likely be heavily influenced by the trustees’ voting policy, where
available). Please also see Annex 4 for details of the PLSA’s suggested criteria
15
for “most
significant” votes.
Document the rationale for their approach and the criteria used
Assess both their managers’ voting behaviour (and rationale) and their vote reporting,
including where they have not reported against the scheme’s “most significant” votes or
criteria.
Incorporate into manager selection
The appointment process for a new manager is a vital opportunity for trustees to evaluate
whether the manager’s voting policy (where relevant) aligns with their own, and to set
requirements around voting disclosure.
The due diligence process from Request For Proposals (where used) to manager visits and
discussions should include questions around:
the approach to client-directed voting, or discussions with clients, in pooled funds
their approach to stock lending or recalling stock before a vote
their approach to management of stewardship conflicts
case studies of successful voting (and engagement)
approach across assets and geographies
and much more which is beyond the scope of this guidance but is explored in depth in other
PLSA guides.
16
We also encourage trustees to consider whether and how they can state their expectations
regarding voting (and stewardship) across the contractual relationship with the manager
17
.
14
Please also see TPR’s draft guidance for trustees on setting objectives for their investment consultants.
15
Please see Annex 4 for possible criteria for schemes to use when thinking about their own definition of “most significant”. The PLSA is
also considering whether there is value upon building on its annual Voting Guidelines by highlighting each year what we consider to be
the most important votes taking place during the next AGM season.
16
Engaging the Engagers, Stewardship guide and voting guidelines, PLSA Implementation Statement guidance.
17
We encourage trustees to consider the ICGN’s Model Mandate work (written in 2012 but being reviewed in 2020) and the IA’s work on
Productivity Mandates (ongoing).
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During manager monitoring and review
It is harder to backfill new expectations into an existing asset manager relationship. The first
step could be to share the voting policy, views on most significant votes” and other
expectations with existing managers, then discussing how they fit with the manager’s own
existing policy.
This should lead to a clear understanding of what the manager should deliver, in terms of
substance and reporting, and over what time period.
We do not expect that an agreement with a manager might be automatically terminated solely
on the basis of a disappointing voting policy or reporting approach, but this would be a
reasonable decision for trustees to take given the growing body of evidence of the materiality
of stewardship to investment outcomes.
4. Communicate expectations to managers/platform providers
Manager selection and formal (or informal) manager review opportunities are excellent
opportunities for influencing managers and communicating trustees’ expectations. The
requirement for trustees to produce their Implementation Statements will present another avenue
for discussion and communication. Once trustees have progressed through the steps above (with
advisers, where relevant) they should begin the conversation with their managers.
We recognise that trustees in segregated mandates will have scope for greater influence than those
in pooled or intermediated arrangements. However, we are aware that some schemes invested in
pooled funds have successfully influenced manager behaviour on voting and engagement simply by
‘asking the question’ and then challenging their managers accordingly and consistently (instead of
raising as a ‘one-off’ with no follow-up or agreed timetable for review and discussion).
5. Ask managers to complete the vote reporting template
Trustees will get the most value out of the Template if all of their asset managers use it to report the
information, as it will allow for easier comparison of voting approaches and behaviour.
Trustees should, as with any other investment issue, be clear about why and how they need this
information presented at a fund- or mandate-level and their own legal responsibilities. However,
we also acknowledge that most managers will need to overhaul their systems and processes to get
this information to trustees in the right format which will take time. Trustees should balance
their responsibility to act as a demanding client while allowing managers some flexibility and space
to adapt at least in the first year.
Trustees should also ensure that they give their managers any additional information that they will
need to complete the template. This includes the trustees’ SIP, any standalone voting, stewardship
or engagement documents, as well as any required information about the value of trustees’ assets
in the strategy or fund at the relevant period end (if this information is not already held by the
manager).
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Trustees should have already agreed timescales for reporting this information and they should also
have a good idea of what information they will be able to expect from their managers.
If trustees are not able to get the relevant voting information from their managers or other service
providers, they should include as much detail as they can in their Implementation Statement in
these circumstances. Trustees should also explain what information is missing, why the
information is missing and how they intend to rectify the situation
18
.
Once trustees have received the completed Templates, they should consider taking the following
steps:
6. Assess and discuss any gaps in information
It will be important for trustees and their advisers to quickly gauge what information is missing
(this will be particularly key in the first year) and discuss any gaps with their managers. Bearing in
mind the regulatory requirements and expectations of trustees, they should engage further and
challenge where necessary.
7. Consider validation or assurance of data
This could be through reviewing the responses in the Template with the trustees’ usual or specialist
advisers, or schemes with significant resources could consider third party data sources against
which to check the data given. There are points which trustees should particularly consider:
Standard data checks such as checking that: all of the information requested has been provided;
the data has been provided on the correct fund as some managers have very similar funds; the
number of AGMs is consistent with the number of holdings; the dates of the votes are
applicable to your scheme year.
8. Interpret the data
Although using our Vote Reporting Template and setting clear expectations on managers from
the outset will reduce much of the burden of sifting through overwhelming amounts of
information by trustees, trustees will still need to work with their advisers to assess and interpret
the data given. A non-exhaustive list of issues trustees should consider includes:
The proportion of votes exercised. Although there may be technical and practical reasons
why managers are unable to exercise all votes, particularly in some jurisdictions, it is typical for
18
We discuss this further in our PLSA Implementation Statement Guidance (July 2020) but we understand that the Regulator’s
response to any breaches of the implementation statement legislation will depend on the particular facts of a specific case and that
they will adopt a reasonable approach in relation to any enforcement. TPR’s power to fine for such a breach will arise in circumstances
where “there is no reasonable excuse”.
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over 95% of votes to be exercised. Trustees should probe the reasons if voting levels fall short of
expectations
The proportion of votes against management. Although it is tempting to think “voting
against management = good”, “voting for management = bad”, the reality may be more
nuanced. For instance, active managers may be more inclined towards supporting a company
overseen by a board and management that they have actively chosen to invest in and may
believe that they can be more effective through dialogue than through the binary mechanism of
a vote. In most passive mandates, however, managers cannot make an active decision to divest.
Where managers have low proportions of votes against management, trustees should enquire
more closely on voting behaviour. This may include looking beyond asset managers’ chosen
case studies to press on the rationale for voting decisions on trustees’ own significant votes.
The proportion of votes contrary to the recommendation of proxy voting advisory
services. Asset managers may use a range of research services to inform their assessment
process but should ultimately use their own judgement based on their knowledge of the
company, engagement process and the outcomes they are seeking to achieve on clients’ behalf.
For example, voting contrary to the advice of a proxy advisory service may well be a sign of good
process and intelligent thought applied to the vote decision that is tailored to a company’s
individual circumstances. However, trustees may be wary of situations where the vote contrary
to advice coincides with a conflict of interest faced by the fund manager.
The manager has not engaged or communicated with the company before voting
against management. Voting decisions should be made in the context of a managers’
ongoing communication with the company and after consideration of any progress made. To
use voting as an effective route to influence will likely require some form of engagement or
communication from the manager.
19
A vote ‘in isolation’ without any rationale given to the
company beforehand will be unlikely to change minds or behaviour.
Information on conflicts. The quality and level of information and transparency around
managers’ approach to, and management of, stewardship conflicts varies widely. Trustees will
naturally be alive to the impact and implications of conflicts of interest from their own
experience of scheme governance and will therefore understand the serious impediment that
poorly-managed conflicts pose to managers’ ability to act in the best interests of their clients.
Trustees should scrutinise both the information given including that it pertains to
stewardship specifically,
20
and is not just the firm’s overall conflicts management policy – and
the responsiveness of the manager in providing it.
19
There are a number of different ways in which engagement, either individual or collaborative, can take place. We cover this in much
greater detail in the joint PLSA/Investor Forum Guidance Engaging the Engagers: A practical toolkit for achieving good stewardship
outcomes through your asset managers (June 2020).
20
A stewardship-related policy on conflicts will be different from a firm’s broader conflicts policy as conflicts may arise in additional
forms for a manager’s engagement and voting activities.
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Approach to stock-lending. When securities are lent, the manager loses the voting rights
attached. Given that much lending occurs around the time of AGMs (for dividend-related
reasons) this can mean managers lose voting influence. Some managers recall all stock in order
to vote, some ensure that they always retain a proportion of their holding so that they can
express their views through voting, while others will recall only on an ad hoc basis where they
deem the vote particularly important. Managers should be expected to have a considered
process for recalling stock lent and be transparent about their approach.
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HOW TO PRESENT THE DATA
If not already done so, we strongly encourage trustees to read the PLSA Implementation Statement
Guidance (and particularly Chapter 5 on Voting Disclosures in the Implementation Statement).
This covers exactly what trustees should disclose, as well as what they could disclose.
Additional points to consider in terms of presentation of information from the Vote Reporting
Template:
Combining voting statistics from different mandates, which may have very different numbers or
value of holdings, or be managed by firms with different voting practices, may not be
meaningful. Schemes may therefore wish to present data separately for each mandate.
When looking across the “most significant votes” from all your asset managers and thinking
about which to prioritise, you may wish to refer back to:
The SIP, including your investment objectives and voting policies
Any separate policies on voting, stewardship or engagement policy
Documented criteria for “most significant votes”
Any survey of member views which indicates topics of particular concern
The relative size of scheme holdings in the companies involved taking account of the
size of the mandates and the companies’ weights within them
Think about what may be most important to disclose in your first Implementation Statement,
and then how it might evolve with more information over time
For trustees with significant resource: you may find that you hold a company in more than one
mandate; where you receive a vote for that company reported as “most significant” for one
mandate and not under the others, you may think about whether there needs to be a direct
comparative process: asking Manager A whether how they voted on the resolutions that
Manager B considered significant, and vice versa.
The impact of comparative analysis on key areas of scheme or regulatory focus, such as
managing climate risk, is likely to be particularly beneficial.
21
21
https://www.thepensionsregulator.gov.uk/en/trustees/managing-dc-benefits/investment-guide-for-dc-pension-schemes-
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ANNEX 1 | VOTING TEMPLATES
VOTING QUESTIONNAIRE
POINTS TO CONSIDER WHEN RESPONDING
Scheme Name
To be completed by the trustees
Employer name
To be completed by the trustees
Investment Manager name
To be completed by the trustees
Fund name
To be completed trustees and should not be changed by the
manager
Amended Fund Name (if different to the above)
To be completed by managers if they have a different name to the
above fund name
Scheme year end date
To be completed by the trustees
Start of Reporting Period
To be completed by the trustees. This is normally the start of the
scheme year, or the inception date in the Fund / mandate if later.
End of Reporting Period
To be completed by the trustees. This is normally the end of the
scheme year, or entire redemption date from the Fund / mandate if
earlier.
The following sections should be completed at the fund/mandate (if segregated) level
FUND/MANDATE INFORMATION
RESPONSE
ADDITIONAL COMMENTS
What is the Fund's Legal Entity Identifier (LEI) (if applicable)
What is the Fund's International Securities Identification Number (ISIN) (if
applicable)
What was the total size of the fund/mandate as at the end of the Reporting
Period?
Total size of Scheme assets invested in the fund/mandate as at the end of the
Reporting Period (if known)?
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FUND/MANDATE INFORMATION
RESPONSE
ADDITIONAL COMMENTS
What was the number of equity holdings in the fund/mandate as at the end of
the Reporting period?
VOTING POLICIES
RESPONSE
ADDITIONAL COMMENTS
What is your policy on consulting with clients before voting?
Please provide an overview of your process for deciding how to vote.
How, if at all, have you made use of proxy voting services?
What process did you follow for determining the “most significant” votes?
Did any of your “most significant” votes breach the client’s voting policy (where relevant)?
[Y/N]
If ‘Y’ to the above. Please explain where this happened and the rationale for the action taken.
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VOTING POLICIES
RESPONSE
ADDITIONAL COMMENTS
Are you currently affected by any of the following five conflicts, or any other conflicts, across any of your
holdings?
1) The asset management firm overall has an apparent client-relationship conflict e.g. the manager provides
significant products or services to a company in which they also have an equity or bond holding;
2) Senior staff at the asset management firm hold roles (e.g. as a member of the Board) at a company in which
the asset management firm has equity or bond holdings
3) The asset management firm’s stewardship staff have a personal relationship with relevant individuals (e.g. on
the Board or the company secretariat) at a company in which the firm has an equity or bond holding
4) There is a situation where the interests of different clients diverge. An example of this could be a takeover,
where one set of clients is exposed to the target and another set is exposed to the acquirer
5) There are differences between the stewardship policies of managers and their clients
Please include here any additional comments which you believe are relevant to your voting activities or processes
VOTING STATISTICS (APPLICABLE TO THE SCHEME'S REPORTING PERIOD)
RESPONSE
ADDITIONAL COMMENTS
POINTS TO CONSIDER WHEN
RESPONDING
How many meetings were you eligible to vote at?
How many resolutions were you eligible to vote on?
What % of resolutions did you vote on for which you were eligible?
Of the resolutions on which you voted, what % did you vote with management?
Of the resolutions on which you voted, what % did you vote against
management?
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Of the resolutions on which you voted, what % did you abstain from voting?
The totals of these 3 questions
should add up to 100%.
In what % of meetings, for which you did vote, did you vote at least once
against management?
Which proxy advisory services does your firm use, and do you use their
standard voting policy or created your own bespoke policy which they then
implemented on your behalf?
What % of resolutions, on which you did vote, did you vote contrary to the
recommendation of your proxy adviser? (if applicable)
Most Significant Votes
IN RELATION TO THE FUND NAMED ABOVE, WHICH 10 VOTES
(AT A MINIMUM) DURING THE REPORTING PERIOD DO YOU
CONSIDER TO BE MOST SIGNIFICANT FOR THE SCHEME?
VOTE 1
VOTE 2
VOTE 3
VOTE 4
VOTE 5
VOTE 6
VOTE 7
VOTE 8
VOTE 9
VOTE 10
Company name
Date of vote
Approximate size of fund's/mandate's holding as at the
date of the vote (as % of portfolio)
Summary of the resolution
How you voted
Where you voted against management, did you
communicate your intent to the company ahead of the
vote?
Rationale for the voting decision
Outcome of the vote
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IN RELATION TO THE FUND NAMED ABOVE, WHICH 10 VOTES
(AT A MINIMUM) DURING THE REPORTING PERIOD DO YOU
CONSIDER TO BE MOST SIGNIFICANT FOR THE SCHEME?
VOTE 1
VOTE 2
VOTE 3
VOTE 4
VOTE 5
VOTE 6
VOTE 7
VOTE 8
VOTE 9
VOTE 10
Implications of the outcome eg were there any lessons
learned and what likely future steps will you take in
response to the outcome?
On which criteria have you assessed this vote to be
"most significant"?
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ANNEX 2 | REGULATORY BACKGROUND
The 2019 changes to the Occupational Pension Schemes (Investment) Regulations 2005 and the
Occupational and Personal Pension Schemes (Disclosure of Information) Regulations 2013
22
set
out new disclosure requirements for private sector scheme trustees in relation to their investment
strategy, approach to stewardship and arrangements between asset owners and asset managers.
23
They are:
Policy regarding asset manager arrangements. By 1 October 2020, trustees will be
required to have a policy on the arrangements that they have with their asset managers and
include this in their SIP. These policies must cover how the arrangements in place facilitate
alignment between the managers’ actions and the trustees’ investment approach in relation to,
amongst other things: investment strategy, decision-making, issuer engagement, performance
evaluation and remuneration. They must also explain how the manager is incentivised to make
decisions that focus on medium-to-long term performance, set out the duration of the
arrangement and explain how the trustees monitor portfolio turnover costs. Trustees may need
input from advisers and managers to help formulate and further these policies.
Report on manager voting and engagement activities. From 1 October 2020, pension
scheme trustees will have to include a statement in their annual report and accounts and on
their website which demonstrates how their policies on exercising rights (including voting
rights) and undertaking engagement activities have been followed during the year.
24
They will
also have to describe the voting behaviour by them, or on their behalf, during the year
(including the most significant votes cast by trustees or on their behalf) and state any use of the
services of a proxy voter during that year.
The references to a year are in respect of the “scheme year” applicable to the pension
scheme in question.
As a result, trustees will need information on the votes cast on their behalf at least annually
to comply with their statutory requirements (and their fiduciary duty).
Review of voting information by managers should become a key feature of trustees’
monitoring activities. In our view, trustees should take a keen interest in voting and
engagement policies when going through a manager selection exercise, as well as in the
monitoring and review of their managers.
22
Please see: Occupational Pension Schemes (Investment and Disclosure) (Amendment) Regulations 2019
23
Managers have their own new reporting duties under the FCA’s equivalent transposition of the EU’s Second Shareholder Rights
Directive (SRD II). Further details can be found in our Vote Reporting Template Guidance for Asset Managers.
24
The regulations have additional reporting and disclosure requirements for DC and Hybrid schemes which trustees should observe.
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VOTING OPPORTUNITIES BEYOND LISTED EQUITIES REGULATORY EXPECTATIONS
Multi-asset funds
The legislation above applies to any voting rights. As such, trustees are also required to report on
votes cast on the applicable underlying holdings within multi-asset funds.
Beyond listed equities
The legislation above does not make any distinction between public and private assets when it
comes to the requirement to disclose voting behaviour, and neither does the legislation requiring
disclosure of voting policies. There may also be instances for some asset classes
25
beyond
traditional private equity where significant votes can arise in relation to these holdings as well.
By its very nature, voting in relation to private market assets tends to occur when the votes are
significant.
26
As such, non-listed equity managers should be able to provide a narrative
commentary at a minimum to trustees where there were significant engagement activities over
the year and to set out any instances where significant votes were cast.
25
Examples of some of these asset classes are: fixed income (public and private), property, renewables, distressed debt, infrastructure.
26
For instance: private equity the manager is a co-owner and there is a vote to sell an asset, or whether to refinance or sell component
parts of the business; property votes on rental deferrals or concessions; conversion rights or debt options in the event of default for
infrastructure or renewables.
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ANNEX 3 | SEGREGATED OR INTERMEDIATED ARRANGEMENTS
The UK investment chain is highly intermediated but the PLSA does not believe that the level of
information required by trustees on how votes are exercised on their behalf should change
significantly depending on the degree of intermediation.
Trustees should make sure they work with their legal and investment advisers, as well as their
managers, to understand precisely who ‘owns’ the vote, who in the governance structure is legally
responsible for making the voting decision, and how they should maximise their influence over the
voting policies and the decisions made on their behalf.
The following is a non-exhaustive list of some possible considerations for trustees with different
investment arrangements to consider.
Trustees should be aware that asset managers will likely be providing voting data in a new and
different way as a result of the new regulations and this will initially pose challenges for them.
However, should trustees feel that their managers are failing to take what would be considered
reasonable steps to providing them with relevant data, they should take this into account in their
review and retention decisions.
POOLED FUNDS
It is estimated that around 39% of private sector UK scheme assets and the majority of DC assets
are invested in pooled arrangements,
27
primarily through an entity-pooling approach, such as a
collective investment scheme. This pool of assets has a separate legal personality of its own and
therefore while a participating investor may retain the beneficial ownership, they do not own the
legal entitlement to the underlying portfolio of securities. The trustees’ rights will typically pertain
only to owning units in the pool.
This currently makes the ability to exercise influence over how a vote is cast on a particular issue
more complicated. However, it is a common misperception that trustees therefore cannot exercise
any influence over the general voting approach of their managers. There are a couple of key issues
and opportunities for exercising influence, perhaps the most important of which is during the
manager selection or any formal review process which we would encourage trustees to consider
below.
The PLSA considers it good practice for managers to have a process for considering their clients’
views in their voting policy and behaviour. This approach is supported by the FRC’s Stewardship
Code, Principle 6, which requires signatories to explain how they have sought and received clients’
views and the reason for their chosen approach, as well as how assets have been managed in
alignment with clients’ stewardship and investment policies.
27
https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/investmentspensionsandtrusts/articles/ukpensionsurveys/redevelopmentand2019results
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Some managers allow client-directed voting in their pooled funds. During the manager
selection process, trustees should ask managers whether they offer client-directed voting in
their pooled funds.
Some managers have formal (or informal) discussions with clients around their voting and
engagement approach. We would expect trustees to consider in a manager selection process
whether the potential manager’s formal voting and engagement policies, and their broader
approach, align with their own. They should ask whether the manager has a process or
framework for seeking their clients’ views on voting and engagement, and how often – and if
not, why not, and how they intend to meet the requirements of the Stewardship Code. More
generally, trustees should take opportunities to discuss voting and engagement with their
managers when these arise.
Trustees should explicitly clarify their expectations around voting behaviour and approach in
their legal contracts. This includes through side letters as well as in any other Service Level
Agreements (SLAs). Trustees should also consider corresponding/additional targets and SLAs
for the investment advisers who support them on stewardship and voting. Trustees should also
agree the voting information and funds on which reporting is due, including the reporting
period and frequency. This information should be informed by the specific circumstances. For
example:
A DC scheme with 95% of assets invested in the default arrangement may feel it is
appropriate to request data solely on the default arrangement funds. However, if a
significant proportion of beneficiaries are invested in one or more self-select funds, the
trustees may also wish to review data on these funds.
A scheme may also consider requesting voting behaviour on any ethical or sustainable self-
select funds, recognising that beneficiaries who have opted to be in one of these funds will
be particularly interested in this information.
Trustees should ask about their manager’s approach to stock lending. Please see the PLSA’s
2020 Stewardship Guidance and Voting Guidelines for further details. Although the trustees
will not be able to control the securities lending arrangements in pooled funds, trustees should
conduct the appropriate due diligence and monitoring of their asset managers’ securities
lending approach.
Trustees should always ‘ask the question’. We understand from trustees that, where they have
sought to challenge their manager’s approach to voting on a particular issue – such as climate
change in a pooled fund they have had some success in changing the approach. We recognise
that some trustees and their advisers will have more leverage with their managers than others,
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but trustees should as with any other material issue which impacts member outcomes
challenge where they have particular concerns
28
.
SEGREGATED MANDATES
Schemes invested in segregated mandates will retain the legal ownership of the underlying
securities and will therefore have more influence over how votes are cast and over the manager’s
securities lending activities. They are also able to explicitly clarify related expectations in the
Investment Management Agreement (IMA). A number of the principles and issues outlined above
for pooled fund investors also apply to segregated mandates, but there are some further points
worth highlighting:
Trustees should ensure they feel comfortable their vote has been cast appropriately. Segregated
accounts have more parties and responsibilities involved, and it will be important for trustees to
check that their vote has reached the issuer. It is also the case that global markets may have
different rules on split voting and use of abstentions, as well as different legal and practical
timescales involved.
Expectations must be clarified in the IMA. This includes voting reporting dates and timescales,
as well as reporting format and frequency. It will be particularly important for time-lags to be
captured in the IMA. Trustees may require that some or all votes are cast in alignment with
their policies as a contractual condition.
FIDUCIARY MANAGEMENT
We would expect the fiduciary manager to obtain the necessary information from the underlying
managers on behalf of the trustees. Depending on the terms of their arrangement with the trustees,
the fiduciary manager may just pass this information to the trustees, or they may first collate
information across the scheme’s funds and form a view on the subset of significant votes to be
reported.
Fiduciary managers should ensure that they make clear to both prospective and, at regular
intervals, their current clients where they direct how votes are exercised instead of delegating this
to the underlying managers. In these cases, it will be the fiduciary manager rather than any
underlying managers who is the source of the voting information that trustees are required to
disclose.
Similar considerations to those set out above for fund managers apply to the appointment of
fiduciary managers in relation to stewardship, voting and vote reporting, especially where the
fiduciary manager is proposing to direct voting.
28
For those schemes with less governance capacity or lower AUM, we would encourage them to collaborate with other schemes either
through the collaborative forums provided by organisations such as the PLSA, the Investor Forum, LAPFF and others, or through
exploring AMNT’s Red Line Voting Initiative.
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ASSETS HELD ON A PLATFORM
As with fiduciary managers, platform providers may direct how votes are exercised instead of
delegating this to the underlying managers.
Trustees will be required to produce annual voting behaviour disclosures regardless of how their
scheme’s assets are held. As trustees do not have direct contractual arrangements with the
underlying managers when the assets are held on a platform, and those managers often do not
know which schemes are invested in their funds via the platform, it is likely that the platform
provider will need to obtain voting information on behalf of the trustees. This can be done by the
platform provider asking the managers to complete the PLSA Voting Information Template for the
relevant period.
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ANNEX 4 | PLSA CRITERIA FOR “MOST SIGNIFICANT” VOTES
Asset managers are currently trying to get to grips with the meaning of “most significant” and are
using a wide variety of criteria to do so. Given that asset managers are exercising votes on behalf of
their clients, the PLSA expects that the views of the asset owner community generally and client
interest specifically should be taken into account.
Given the likelihood that asset managers and their clients will have different perspectives regarding
what constitutes a “most significant vote” for a scheme’s portfolio, the PLSA and our cross-industry
Voting and Implementation Statement Working Group (VISWG) suggest that the following criteria
should be used by managers.
Please note: we would expect client interest or policies on particular issues, themes or companies
29
to be the primary determinant of a manager’s approach to disclosing their “most significant votes”
to schemes. We note that Principle 6 in the 2020 UK Stewardship Code creates the presumption
that asset managers will align their approach with the objectives of their clients, on an “Apply and
Explain” basis. We think that it is good practice for managers of pooled funds to consider having a
process for consulting with clients, or mechanisms for seeking client views on issues and voting
approach. We would also expect the fund manager to disclose where the vote breaches the client’s
voting policy on the issue, particularly if the manager was aware of the voting policy in advance of
the vote.
Other criteria for both managers and trustees to consider (both pooled and segregated):
Whether/where trustees have indicated a particular interest in the vote. Trustees particularly
those invested in segregated mandates should expect that where they have raised their
interest in a company, a theme, or have explicit expectations outlined in a voting policy (or their
IMA, or other relevant documents) that will be taken into account by managers. While this is
particularly pertinent for segregated mandates, the PLSA believes that it is good practice for
managers of pooled funds as well as segregated mandates to consider having a process for
consulting with clients, or mechanisms for regularly seeking client views on issues or the
managers’ voting approach and policy.
Potential impact on financial outcome. This would include votes which the manager considers
might have a material impact on future company performance, for example approval of a
merger or a requirement to publish a business strategy that is aligned with the Paris Agreement
on climate change.
Potential impact on stewardship outcome. This could include any decision which may reduce
the investor voice (e.g. around shareholder rights), such as a debt for equity swap, management
buyout of a significant share of equity, a downgrading of voting rights.
Size of holding in the fund/mandate. Please note that we would not expect this to be the only
significant determinant used by managers in any explanation, rather this should be an
additional factor.
29
See Build a voting policy.
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Whether the vote was high-profile or controversial. This could be judged using any or all of the
following: a significant level of opposition from investors to the company resolution; a
significant level of support for an investor resolution; level of media interest; level of political or
regulatory interest; level of industry debate.
Where the manager was subject to a conflict of interest. Please see p26 on the importance of
effective and transparent management of any stewardship or voting conflicts.
Any vote in non-listed equity asset classes. Where there is a voting opportunity in private
equity, infrastructure or other asset classes it is very likely that by its nature alone, it will be a
significant vote. Please also see Annex 4 for further details.
Additional considerations for segregated mandates include:
Existing trustee policies and information. This should include the trustees’ SIP as well as any
standalone stewardship, engagement or voting policies.
Consultation and discussion with client. It is possible that a theme, issue or company which was
not previously considered important by the client has risen up the scheme agenda by the time
voting discussions and decisions need to be taken.
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ANNEX 5 | THE IMPORTANCE OF (STEWARDSHIP) CONFLICT IDENTIFICATION AND
MANAGEMENT
Asset managers are required to disclose their policy on conflicts of interest
30
and how this has been
applied in the context of their voting and engagement behaviour in both Principle 3 of the UK
Stewardship Code and the Principles for Responsible Investment (PRI) reporting.
This is important information and good disclosures are necessary for trustees to be able to
ascertain how well the manager is able to align its interests with those of its clients when it comes
to undertaking effective stewardship (for example engagement and voting).
Stewardship conflicts can arise in different ways, but trustees should be aware of the following
sources of conflict:
The asset management firm overall has an apparent client-relationship conflict e.g. the
manager provides significant products or services to the company in which they also have an
equity or bond holding
Senior staff at the asset management firm hold roles at a company, e.g. as a member of the
Board, in which the asset management firm has an equity or bond holding
The asset management firm’s stewardship staff have a personal relationship with relevant
individuals at a company in which there is also an equity or bond holding
There is a situation where the interests of different clients diverge. An example of this could be
a takeover, where one set of clients is exposed to the target and another set is exposed to the
acquirer
There are differences between the stewardship policies of managers and their client(s).
Should the manager consider that any of their voting activities on behalf of trustees are subject to
any of the conflicts above or any other conflicts then they should disclose on which companies
or resolutions these conflicts have arisen. They should also describe whether and how they have
managed the conflict and the outcome from doing so. There should be a presumption that any vote
in relation to a conflict is a “significant” vote and therefore gives rise to detailed disclosure
expectations.
In our accompanying Vote Reporting guide for Implementation Statements for asset managers, we
have encouraged managers to proactively communicate as early as possible to their clients whether
there are likely to be any conflicts, or more broadly any restrictions placed upon them by, for
instance, their securities lending policies and approach to recalling stock before votes.
30
Please note: a stewardship-related policy on conflicts will be different from a firm’s broader conflicts policy as conflicts may arise in
additional forms for a manager’s engagement and voting activities.
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ANNEX 6 | FURTHER READING
Active Ownership 2.0: the Evolution Stewardship Urgently Needs (PRI, 2020)
AGM Annual Voting Review (PLSA 2020)
Aligning your pension scheme with the TCFD recommendations (Pensions Climate Risk
Industry Group, 2020)
Engaging the Engagers: How to achieve effective stewardship outcomes through your asset
managers (PLSA/Investor Forum, 2020)
ESG and Stewardship: A practical guide to trustee duties (PLSA, 2019)
ESG Made Simple Guide (PLSA, 2019)
Investment Association Responsible Investment Framework (IA, 2019)
Model Mandate (ICGN, 2012 - soon to be updated)
Red Line Voting Initiative (AMNT - ongoing)
Stewardship Disclosure Framework (PLSA, forthcoming)
Stewardship Guidance and Voting Guidelines 2020 (PLSA, 2020)
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The PLSA would like to thank all the members of the Voting and Implementation Statements
Working Group (VISWG) who contributed their time, expertise and enthusiasm to the production
of this guide.
Laura Myers (LCP, VISWG Chair)
Claire Jones (LCP)
Rebecca Green (seconded to the PLSA, LCP)
Chris Anker (Columbia Threadneedle Investments)
Jocelyn Brown (T. Rowe Price)
Anna Copestake (ARC Pensions Law)
Naomi L’Estrange (20-20 Trustees)
Simon Jones (Hymans Robertson)
Elspeth McKinnon (The Cheviot Trust)
Stuart O’Brien (Sackers)
Chris Reilly (The People’s Pension)
Colin Richardson (PTL)
Sheila Stefani (Church of England Pension Board)
Owen Thorne (Merseyside Pension Fund)
We are also grateful to members of our PLSA Policy Board and Advisory Groups, as well as to our
Stakeholder Group: John Belgrove (Aon), Kate Brett (Mercer), Claudia Chapman (FRC), Leanne
Clements (AMNT), Joe Craig (Quietroom), David Crum (Minerva Analytics), Joanne Etherton
(ClientEarth), David Farrar (DWP), Cosmo Gibson (FCA), Adam Gillett (Willis Towers Watson),
Robert Holloway (LGA), Melanie Jarman (TPR), Michael Jones (Pinsent Masons), Amanda
Latham (Barnett Waddingham) and Sarah Woodfield (the Investment Association (IA).
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DISCLAIMER
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All rights reserved.
You must not reproduce, keep, or pass on any part of this publication in any form without
permission from the publisher.
Material provided in this publication is meant as general information on matters of interest. This
publication is not meant to give accounting, financial, consulting, investment, legal, or any other
professional advice.
The publisher (The Pensions and Lifetime Savings Association) or sponsoring company cannot
accept responsibility for any errors in this publication, or accept responsibility for any losses
suffered by anyone who acts or fails to act as a result of any information given in this publication.
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