Note: Always read your assignments carefully and defer to your instructors’ guidelines if they differ from Chicago.
Instructors may have their own preferences about citing and formatting. This handout represents the standard
Chicago style according to The Chicago Manual of Style 17
th
Edition and A Manual for Writers of Research Papers,
Theses, and Dissertations (Turabian).
Weeks Hall, 3
rd
Floor
806.742.2476
Schedule an appointment at
uwc.ttu.edu
Chicago and Turabian: Format and Footnotes
Footnotes use a small number in the body of the text to draw the reader’s attention to the
bottom of the page to see the citation. Endnotes use the same numbering in the body; however, all
notes are found at the end of the paper just before the bibliography.
Footnotes have the same order as the bibliography (author, title, facts of publication) except:
• commas instead of periods to separate information
• standard indention instead of hanging indention
• author's first name is first
• colon precedes page numbers for journal citations
• publication facts are enclosed in parentheses
• order is based on when they come on the page, not alphabetically
See pages 2 and 4 for examples.
Veronese and the
Triumph of Venice:
Changing the Perspective on Perspective
Tanya Ducal
Art 101
May 5, 2022
For specifics on the
title page contents and
page number location,
consult your instructor.
1
The inclusion of large works of art painted
directly on walls and ceilings has long been a
practice to demonstrate a person’s or
government’s wealth.
Paolo Veronese (1528-1588 CE), born Paolo
Cagliari of Verona, is considered the last of the
great Venetian masters.
1
He is known for
creating scenes of “splendid pageantry painted
in superb color and set within a majestic,
Classical architecture.”
2
1. Richard Tansey and Fred Kleiner, Garder’s
Art Through the Ages (Fort Worth: Harcourt
Brace & Co., 1996), 784.
2. Tansey and Kleiner, Garder’s Art, 784.
Indent paragraphs AND
footnotes. Tip: use the
tab key, not the spacebar.
Body text is
double spaced.
Footnotes are
single spaced.
text are superscript
and come after all
punctuation.
footnotes are the
same size as the
The Writing Centers of TTU 806.742.2476 uwc.ttu.edu
Citations: Footnotes and Endnotes
After a source is cited for the first time, a shortened or abbreviated version is used for the rest of the
times it is cited.
Use of shortened citation instead of ibid. is now recommended by the Chicago manual (Chicago p.
759). However, defer to your instructor’s preference. If it is not stated in the assignment or in class, ask
your instructor for clarification.
Below is a side-by-side comparison of shortened citation and ibid. Both refer the reader to an above
citation for the complete information.
Shortened Citation
Ibid.
1. William Faulkner, Absalom, Absalom! (New
York: Vintage International, 1990), 127.
2. Faulkner, Absalom, 15.
3. Faulkner, Absalom, 270.
4. Robin Freed and Karen Rossi, “Unreliable
Narrators for the Loss,” Narrations 7, no. 7 (2015):
26.
5. Freed and Rossi, “Unreliable Narrators,” 98.
6. Faulkner, Absalom, 36-40.
7. William Faulkner, As I Lay Dying (New York:
Vintage International, 1990), 152.
8. Faulkner, As I Lay Dying, 66-67.
9. Faulkner, Absalom, 40.
10. Freed and Rossi, “Unreliable Narrators,”
118-22.
11. Freed and Rossi, “Unreliable Narrators,” 117.
1. William Faulkner, Absalom, Absalom!
(New York: Vintage International, 1990), 127.
2. Ibid., 15.
3. Ibid., 270.
4. Robin Freed and Karen Rossi,
“Unreliable Narrators for the Loss,”
Narrations 7, no. 7 (2015): 26.
5. Ibid., 98.
6. Faulkner, Absalom, 36-40.
7. William Faulkner, As I Lay Dying (New
York: Vintage International, 1990), 152.
8. Ibid., 66-67.
9. Faulkner, Absalom, 40.
10. Freed and Rossi, “Unreliable
Narrators,” 118-22.
11. Ibid., 117.
Type of Footnote
Example of Footnote on First Mention
Book, One Author (Chicago p. 753)
1. Jon Krakauer, Into the Wild (New York: Anchor Books,
1997), 84-85.
Book, Two or Three Authors
(Chicago p. 753)
2. Pablo Rio, Amy Black, and Ollie Tru, Lies (Chicago: Arty
Books), 301.
Journal Article, One Author
(Chicago p. 755)
3. Regina M. Schwartz, “Nationals and Nationalism:
Adultery in the House of David,” Critical Inquiry 19, no. 1 (1992):
131-32. https://doi.org/12.532343/5334.
Journal Article, Four or More Authors
(Chicago p. 787)
4. Felisha Dressher et al., “Will It Float: Buoyancy in
Today’s Market,” JMPQ 2, no. 4 (2020): 532. https://www.jm.au/3.
NOTE: Only use authors’ last names after first footnote of each source.
Note: Always read your assignments carefully and defer to your instructors’ guidelines if they differ from Chicago.
Instructors may have their own preferences about citing and formatting. This handout represents the standard
Chicago style according to The Chicago Manual of Style 17
th
Edition and A Manual for Writers of Research Papers,
Theses, and Dissertations (Turabian).
Weeks Hall, 3
rd
Floor
806.742.2476
Schedule an appointment at
uwc.ttu.edu
Chicago: Bibliography
What to include in a citation?
• In general, the more information you can include the better. You want your readers to be able to find
your sources if they want to read them for themselves.
• All sources used in a paper must be included in the Bibliography. The Chicago manual says the
bibliography can include sources used only for research and not actually cited in your paper; however,
this will depend on your instructor’s preference (Chicago p. 777).
• If this handout does not contain an example of your reference type, more options can be found at
www.chicagomanualofstyle.org or in the full manual at the Writing Center.
General order of information, including punctuation:
Journal:
Author Last Name, First Name. “Title of article.” Title of Periodical volume number, no. issue number
(Date): page numbers. doi/URL.
Book:
Author Last Name, First Name. Book Title. City Where Published: Publisher, Year.
• Titles of books, journals, magazines, websites, etc., are italicized. Chapter titles, lecture titles, episode
titles, etc., are not italicized, but are enclosed in quotation marks.
• The volume number comes immediately after the Journal Title with no punctuation nor identifier.
The issue number is preceded by no. (Example: Ethics 125, no. 2)
• If there is more than one author, only the first one is listed in reverse order. All subsequent authors
will be listed First Name Last Name.
Tips for making a hanging indent:
Microsoft Word Software: Select the sources you are ready to format. On your Home tab, click the arrow
to the right of the word Paragraph (it is pointing down and to the right). This will open a new
menu. Look for the Indentation section and the option Special. Click the Special dropdown and
select Hanging.
Word Online: Select the sources you are ready to format. Type "hanging indent" into the search bar at
the top of the page, and click on it. The selected text will now be in hanging indent.
Google Docs: Select the sources you are ready to format. Click on the Format menu at the top of the
page, then Align & Indent, and click on Indentation options at the bottom of the menu. This will
open a pop-up window. Click the selection bar under Special indent and select Hanging. Click on
Apply.
The Writing Centers of TTU 806.742.2476 uwc.ttu.edu
18
Type/Notes:
Bibliography
Lecture/Meetings
(Chicago p. 852)
Aronson, Trey. “Why Psychology Matters Today.” Lecture presented at PSCH 2100, Texas Tech
University, Lubbock, TX, September 2019.
Journal Article
(Chicago p. 755)
Bagley, Benjamin. “Loving Someone in Particular.” Ethics 125, no. 2 (January 2015): 477-507.
Photographs and Artwork
(Chicago p. 859)
Dali, Salvador. The Persistence of Memory. 1931. Oil on canvas, 9.5 x 13”. Museum of Modern
Art, New York. https://www.moma.org/collection/works/79018.
Twitter and Other Forms of
Social Media Postings
(Chicago p. 848-49)
Gates, Bill. (@BillGates). “#Polio is 99% eradicated. Join me & @FCBarcelona as we work to
finish the job and #EndPolio. VIDEO: http://b-gat.es/X75Lvy.” Twitter, February 26,
2013, 4:13 p.m. https://twitter.com/BillGates/status/306195345845665792.
Book Chapter
(Chicago p. 754)
Gould, Glenn. “Streisand as Schwarzkopf.” In The Glenn Gould Reader, edited by Tim Page, 308-
11. New York: Vintage Books, 1984.
Book by Two Authors
(Chicago p. 753)
Grazer, Brian, and Charles Fishman. A Curious Mind: The Secret to a Bigger Life. New York:
Simon & Schuster, 2015.
Musical Recording
(Chicago p. 873)
Handel, George Frideric. Messiah. Atlanta Symphony Orchestra and Chamber Chorus, Robert
Shaw. Performed December 19, 1987. Ansonia Station, NY: Video Artist International,
1988. Videocassette (VHS), 141 min.
Online Newspaper or
Magazine (Chicago p. 837)
Lorenz, Taylor. “Where Everyone’s an Influencer.” The Atlantic, July 31, 2019. https://www.the
atlantic.com/technology/archive/2019/07/where-everyones-an-influencer/595213/.
Online E-Book
(Chicago p. 827)
Lystra, Karen. Dangerous Intimacy: The Untold Story of Mark Twain’s Final Years. Berkeley:
University of California Press, 2004. http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/kt8779q4kr/.
Book by Single Author
(Chicago p. 753)
Strayed, Cheryl. Wild: From Lost to Found on the Pacific Crest Trail. New York: Alfred A. Knopf,
2012.
Blog Entry (Same as online
newspaper articles, Chicago
p. 846)
Tobias, Jennifer. “Modernism in the Air.” Inside/Out (blog), The Museum of Modern Art, August
29, 2016. https://www.moma.org/explore/inside_out/2016/08/29/modernism-in-the-
air/.
No Known Author, Initial
Article Ignored in List
(Chicago p. 842, 908-909)
A True and Sincere Declaration of the Purpose and Ends of the Plantation Begun in Virginia, of
the Degrees Which It Hath Received, and Means by Which It Hath Been Advanced.
1610. London.
Corporate Author
(Chicago p. 791 & 890)
University of Chicago Press. The Chicago Manual of Style. 17
th
ed. Chicago: University of Chicago
Press, 2017.
Episode of TV Series
(Chicago p. 872-873)
Yaitanes, Greg, dir. Lost. Season 1, episode 14, “Special.” Aired January 19, 2005, on ABC.
More than 7 Authors
(Chicago p. 787)
Zimmer, Maddison, Leah Gordon, Cressida Goldman, Asher Taylor, Jennifer M. Posey, Tim Bean,
Carter Wright et al. “Mutations of Red Roots.” Biology Weekly 88, no. 4 (2021): 156-
233.