APA Citation Guide

in ScienceScholar Jounals

APA (American Psychological Association) style is used within the ScienceScholar, in order

to cite various sources. This APA Citation Guide the general format for in-text citations and

the reference page. This citation is based on the Publication Manual of the American

Psychological Association, (6th ed.).

APA format example:

Finney, J. (1970). Time and again. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster.

Notes: When citing a book in APA, keep in mind:

 Capitalize the first letter of the first word of the title and any subtitles, as well as the

first letter of any proper nouns.

 The full title of the book, including any subtitles, should be stated and italicized.

Citing an e-book from an e-reader

E-book is short for “electronic book.” It is a digital version of a book that can be read on a

computer, e-reader (Kindle, Nook, etc.), or other electronic device.

APA format structure:

Author, A. (Year of Publication). Title of work. Retrieved from http://xxxx or

DOI:xxxx

APA format example:

Sayre, Rebecca K., Devercelli, A.E., Neuman, M.J., & Wodon, Q. (2015). Investment in early

childhood development: Review of the world bank’s recent experience. DOI: 10.1596/978-1-

4648-0403-8

Notes: When citing an online book or e-book in APA, keep in mind:

 A DOI (digital object identifier) is an assigned number that helps link content to its

location on the Internet. It is therefore important, if one is provided, to use it when

creating a citation. All DOI numbers begin with a 10 and are separated by a slash.

Author, A. (Year, month of Publication). Article title. Magazine Title, Volume(Issue), pp.-pp.

APA format example:

Tumulty, K. (2006, April). Should they stay or should they go? Time, 167(15), 3-40.

Notes: When citing a magazine in APA, keep in mind:

 You can find the volume number with the other publication information of the

magazine.

 You can typically find page numbers at the bottom corners of a magazine article.

 If you cannot locate an issue number, simply don’t include it in the citation.

Citing a magazine article found online

APA format structure:

from http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1179361,00.html

Notes: When creating an online magazine citation, keep in mind:

 The volume and issue number aren’t always on the same page as the article. Check

out the other parts of the website before leaving it out of the citation.

Author, A. (Year, Month Date of Publication). Article title. Newspaper Title, pp. xx-xx.

APA format example:

Rosenberg, G. (1997, March 31). Electronic discovery proves an effective legal weapon.The

multiple pages).

 If an article appears on discontinuous pages, give all page numbers, and separate the

numbers with a comma (e.g., pp. B1, B3, B5-B7).

Citing a newspaper article found online

APA format structure:

Author, A. (Year, Month Date of Publication). Article title. Newspaper Title, Retrieved

from newspaper homepage URL

APA format example:

Rosenberg, G. (1997, March 31). Electronic discovery proves an effective legal weapon.The

New York Times, Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com

required for the citation either.

 Multiple lines: If the URL runs onto a second line, only break URL before

punctuation (except for http://).

How to cite a Website in APA

APA format example:

Simmons, B. (2015, January 9). The tale of two Flaccos. Retrieved from

http://grantland.com/the-triangle/the-tale-of-two-flaccos/

APA format example:

Teen posed as doctor at West Palm Beach hospital: police. (2015, January 16). Retrieved

from http://www.nbcmiami.com/news/local/Teen-Posed-as-Doctor-at-West-Palm-Beach-

Hospital-Police-288810831.html

How to cite a Journal Article in APA

Citing a journal article in print

APA format structure:

Author, A. (Publication Year). Article title. Periodical Title, Volume(Issue), pp.-pp.

and Special Education: The Journal of the Teacher Education Division of the Council for

Exceptional Children, 13(3-4), 147-148.

Citing a journal article found online

APA format structure:

Author, A. (Publication Year). Article title. Periodical Title, Volume(Issue), pp.-pp.

DOI:XX.XXXXX or Retrieved from journal URL

APA format example:

Jameson, J. (2013). E-Leadership in higher education: The fifth “age” of educational

technology research.British Journal of Educational Technology, 44(6), 889-915. DOI:

10.1111/bjet.12103

 A DOI (digital object identifier) is an assigned number that helps link content to its

location on the Internet. It is therefore important, if one is provided, to use it when

creating a citation. All DOI numbers begin with a 10 and are separated by a slash.

How to cite a Film in APA

Citing a film/Citing a movie

APA format example:

Bender, L. (Producer), & Tarantino, Q. (Director). (1994). Pulp fiction [Motion Picture].

United States: Miramax.

Citing a film from YouTube

APA format structure:

Author, A. [screename]. (Year, Month Date of Publication). Title of video [Video file].

Retrieved from URL

APA format example:

Smith, Rick. (2013, September 20). Favre to Moss!. [Video file]. Retrieved from

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gOP_L6hBjn8

How to cite an Interview in APA

Important Note on Personal Interviews:

 A personal interview should NOT be included in a reference list in APA. They are not

considered recoverable data (they cannot be found by a researcher). You should

reference personal interviews as in-text citations instead.

 Example: (J. Doe, personal communication, December 12, 2004)

That being said, there is a general structure if you want to cite a personal interview as part

of your APA works cited list:

Author, A. (Year, Month Date). Interview type.

Citing online lecture notes or presentation slides

APA format structure:

Author, A. (Publication Year). Name or title of lecture [file format]. Retrieved from

URL

APA format example:

Saito, T. (2012). Technology and me: A personal timeline of educational technology

[Powerpoint slides]. Retrieved from http://www.slideshare.net/Bclari25/educational-

technology-ppt

Tip: If you want to cite information from your own personal notes from a lecture as

personal communication and refer to it only in the body of your essay, you can follow the

How to cite a TV Show / Radio Broadcast in

APA

Kang, K. (Writer), & Fryman, P. (Director). (2006). Slap bet [Television series episode]. In

Bays, C. (Executive Producer), How I met your mother. Los Angeles, CA: Columbia

Broadcasting System.

Note: When citing a TV show or episode, keep in mind:

opening and closing credits of the show.

How to cite an Encyclopedia in APA

Citing an encyclopedia entry in print

APA format structure:

Author, A. (Publication Year). Entry title. In Encyclopedia title, (Vol. XX, pp. XX). City,

364). Lanham, MD: AltaMira Press.

How to cite a Photograph in APA

Citing a photograph

Citing a photograph retrieved online

APA format structure:

Photographer, A. (Photographer). (Year, Month Date of Publication). Title of

photograph [digital image]. Retrieved from URL

APA format example:

72157644617030616