Passport to Adventure Long Cruise

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Passport to High Adventure: Long Cruise (2016)

Table of Contents

The Call of Adventure - A Message to Sailors 4

Know Before You Go 6

Chapter 1 - Who Will Go? 6

Participant Qualifications 6

Parental Approval 6

Ship Organization 7

First Aid and CPR Training 8

The Skipper 8

Adult Leadership—BSA Policy 9

Youth Protection 10

Chapter 2 - Trip Planning 11

Planning Ship Adventures 11

Planning Where to Go 13

Religious Obligations 15

Trip Plan 16

References 17

Chapter 3 - Travel, Budget, and Insurance 18

Group Travel 18

Overnight Stops Along the Way 22

Tour Plan 24

Float Plan 25

Ambassadors of Goodwill 26

Budget 27

Insurance 28

Chapter 4 - Promotion and Preparation 30

Parents’ Night 30

Annual Health and Medical Record 32

Risk Advisory 32

Recommendations Regarding Chronic Illnesses 33

Immunizations 35

Weight Guidelines for High-Adventure Activities 35

Safe Swim Defense 36

Safety Afloat 38

Chapter 5 – Equipment 42

Gearing Up – Individual Equipment 42

Food 42

Sailing Essentials 44

Passport to High Adventure: Long Cruise (2016)

First-Aid Kit 44

Chapter 6 – Underway Procedures 45

Assigning Duties 45

Positive Ship Dynamics 47

Staying Healthy 48

Chapter 7 - Sail Safely 48

Expect the Unexpected 48

Dangerous Weather 48

Medical Dangers 49

When to Stop or Turn Back 51

If an Injury or Crisis Occurs 52

Chapter 8 - Wrapping Up Your Long Cruise 55

Keeping a Log 55

When You Get Home 55

Evaluating Your Sail 56

Appendix 56

Unit Money-Earning Application 57

Sample Personal Packing List for Long Cruise 58

Risk Calculation Worksheet Calculating Risk Using GAR Model 59

Passport to High Adventure: Long Cruise (2016)

WHY HAVE A LONG CRUISE?

Young adults today seek greater challenges to their physical and mental abilities.

High-adventure activities entice them to “stretch” to attain the goal of successfully

completing an exhilarating outdoor experience. For Sea Scouts, a long cruise is a

joyous opportunity—beyond the scope of the routine. It is more than just a scenic

outdoor experience. It is more than just a physical challenge. It is an experience in

living and cooperating with others to meet an exciting challenge. It is learning to

overcome difficulties and learning to live in harmony with nature and each other.

In meeting these challenges, young people gain confidence, humility, and self-

reliance. Sailors become self-reliant by acquiring a wealth of knowledge and skills. A

long cruise helps develop critical thinking, judgment, and decision-making skills.

High adventure stimulates good citizenship through teamwork and opportunities for

leadership. It emphasizes spirituality by bringing young people closer to nature. It

connects individuals to the water, developing a bond of respect for its power.

High adventure inspires young people to undertake worthy challenges and to work

together to meet common team objectives. It offers a meaningful and lasting

experience in their lives.

THE CALL OF ADVENTURE - A MESSAGE TO SAILORS

The exhilaration of being on the water is hard to top. Free from the distractions of

everyday life, a sailor has a chance to pause and reflect. There are no ringing

telephones, instant messages, e-mail, televisions blaring tragic events, traffic

congestion, school, work, or meetings.

Living on a boat is a return to a simpler life. The air is fresh and invigorating, the

whisper of a gentle breeze across the water is rejuvenating, the gurgle of the water

against the boat or the sound of braking waves soothes your soul, and the warmth of

afternoon sun rays assures you that all is right with God’s world. The outdoors

beckons, offering a welcome respite. It also reminds you of your commitment to leave

the environment as pristine as you found it.

To enjoy a long cruise, you must be fit. Part of preparing for marvelous outdoor

experiences means undertaking a physical conditioning program to enhance your

aerobic capacity and to tone your muscles. Being fit means feeling good about

yourself not only physically, but mentally and emotionally, too. When you’re fit,

Passport to High Adventure: Long Cruise (2016)

you’re alert, able to sleep soundly, refreshed, and more confident. Your antenna is up

—you relate more effectively to other people, your outlook is positive, and you are

confident of your abilities.

Having adequately planned and trained for your long cruise, you will be prepared—to

raft a turbulent river spewing spray in all directions, to navigate in new waters, or to

explore new places. You will be prepared for all kinds of weather: driving rains, sea

fog, and headwinds that make progress slow.

You will know that you can rely on the members of your ship. Being on the water is a

maturing experience as you soon realize that you can’t do everything alone. Your

endeavors must blend with those of others; you share your needs and they express

theirs. You may have an injury that needs attention, your gear may get soaked by a

crashing wave, or you may simply be hungry or tired—but you learn that you can

depend on the members of your ship. And they depend on you! Everyone realizes,

“We’re in this together.” The ship works together to meet everyone’s needs.

There is great strength in knowledge—knowing about appropriate sailing gear;

knowing about proper nutrition— a blend of simple and complex carbohydrates,

proteins, and fats; knowing how to pace your ship so that ship members avoid heat

exhaustion; knowing that drinking lots of water is crucial to your well-being; knowing

how to protect yourself from sunburn that may cause pain now and skin cancer later

in life; knowing how to conserve the environment and preserve the experience of

future sailors.

The best long cruises are planned, led, and carried out by youth. The purpose of

Scouting is to help youth grow and mature. This happens when youth are responsible

for their own plans and for making their own decisions. Teenagers usually can

accomplish far more than many adults are willing to acknowledge. Adult leaders

should offer suggestions and alternatives and give thoughtful guidance, but should let

the youth plan and carry out their long cruise. People learn from experience. We

learn best from experiences when we are responsible for the results. We may make

some mistakes, but we learn from them. Most young people are eager to learn when

given the opportunity.

Perhaps the greatest outcome of a long cruise is the satisfaction of successfully

meeting the challenge of doing something that only a few others have attempted, and

doing more than you ever thought you could. By making prudent choices and good

decisions in a variety of situations, you succeed as an individual and as a ship.

Passport to High Adventure: Long Cruise (2016)

KNOW BEFORE YOU GO

A schedule of preliminary training experiences is highly recommended to prepare Sea

Scouts for their long cruise. This preparation will stimulate personal growth,

advancement, acquisition of new skills, fitness, teamwork, and eager anticipation.

Through the long cruise and the preparation for it, the basic objectives of the Boy

Scouts of America are achieved: character development, participating citizenship, and

mental, emotional, and physical fitness. A long cruise is as broad as the imagination

and encompasses many different types of water and vessels – a sloop on Chesapeake

Bay, a fishing boat in the Florida Keys, a retired Army T-boat in Puget Sound, a kayak

on Galveston Bay, canoes on inland lakes and rivers, to name a few. Each of these

environments must be treated with respect and with sensitivity to the future

generations who will want to enjoy similar experiences.

CHAPTER 1 – WHO WILL GO?

PARTICIPANT QUALIFICATIONS

Every participant—youth, adult leaders, and staff members— must be in good health

as verified by a current (within one year) physical examination, signed by a licensed

medical practitioner. In addition, every Sea Scout and adult who desires to participate

must have sufficient emotional and mental maturity to withstand the stresses and

pressures of an extended long cruise experience. A basic level of skill is also essential

for a safe, enjoyable sail. Parents and Sea Scout leaders should determine who is

ready for a long cruise experience, based on those qualifications.

A youth or leader who desires to participate, but who is not emotionally, mentally, or

physically ready for a long cruise, must be so informed. In the case of an unqualified

youth, decide whether to counsel the youth directly or to inform the parents and let

them speak with their child. Telling a young person that he or she is not qualified for

an adventure can be an extremely difficult task. However, it is far better to take such

action than to pit a youth against a challenge that he or she is likely to fail. It is in the

youth’s best interest to wait a year or two so that he or she will benefit fully from the

experience. When coaching a youth, make sure he or she understands that there will

be an opportunity for a future long cruise experience. Young people are more

motivated when they are given encouragement and can work toward a specific

objective.

PARENTAL APPROVAL

Passport to High Adventure: Long Cruise (2016)

Sea Scout long cruises require the written approval of a parent or guardian for each

ship member.

SHIP ORGANIZATION

Well-organized ships get chores accomplished quickly and have more time to enjoy

the sail. If multiple vessels are being used, the boatswain should have crew leaders

for every boat that he/she can rely on to carry out the tasks of each day.

The boatswain is a key person in a successful long cruise, and the adult leaders must

support the boatswain. The boatswain is responsible for organizing the crews,

assigning duties, making decisions, and recognizing the capabilities and limitations of

each member. He or she leads by example and discusses ideas and alternatives with

the entire ship to hear everyone’s opinion and arrive at a consensus before taking

action. This responsibility requires someone with leadership ability that is respected

by everyone. Some ways the boatswain can provide leadership include:

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Establishing a duty roster

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Confirming navigation for the day’s sail

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Making sure food is prepared, served and cleaned up in a timely manner

Parental Informed Consent and Hold Harmless-Release Agreement

I understand that participation in the ____________________ (activity) offered

through the ______________________ Council, BSA, on _________ (date) involves a

certain degree of risk that could result in injury or death. In consideration of the

benefits to be derived and after carefully considering the risk involved and in view

of the fact that the Boy Scouts of America is an organization in which membership is

voluntary, and having full confidence that precautions will be taken to ensure the

safety and well-being of my (son/ daughter), I have carefully considered the risk

involved and have given ____________________(name of son/daughter) my consent

to participate in (activity), and waive all claims I may have against the Boy Scouts of

America, _____________________ Council, activity coordinator(s), all employees,

volunteers, or other organizations associated with the _______________________

(activity). In case of emergency, I understand every effort will be made to contact

me. In the event I cannot be reached, I hereby give my permission to the physician

selected by the adult leader in charge to secure proper treatment, including

hospitalization, anesthesia, surgery, or injections of medication for my child.

_______________________________________________________

Parent/Guardian Signature

_______________________________________________________

Date

Passport to High Adventure: Long Cruise (2016)

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Seeing that all ship and personal equipment and supplies are properly stowed

FIRST AID AND CPR TRAINING

To evacuate an injured ship member from a remote location, or to get medical

professionals into a remote area, may take several hours. Training in first aid and

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is essential to allow proper and prompt attention

to injuries or illnesses. In every ship, at least two people, and preferably three or

more—either adults or youth—should be currently trained in Wilderness First Aid—

Basic (or equivalent) and CPR (having completed a minimum eight-hour course from

any recognized community agency, such as the American Red Cross or National Safety

Council). It’s a good idea to train the entire ship as part of planning and preparation.

Equivalent training in wilderness first aid and CPR can be obtained from the following

nationally recognized organizations:

American Red Cross, http://www.redcross.org

American Safety and Health Institute, http://www.ashinstitute.org

Emergency Care and Safety Institute, http://www.ECSInstitute.org

National Outdoor Leadership School, http://www.nols.edu

National Safety Council, http://www.nsc.org

Stonehearth Open Learning Opportunities, http://www.soloschools.com/

wfa.html

Wilderness Medical Associates, http://www.wildmed.com

Wilderness Medical Society, http://www.wms.org

Wilderness Medicine Training Center, http://wildmedcenter.com

Wilderness Safety Council, http://www.wfa.net

THE SKIPPER

The role of the Skipper is to counsel and advise the boatswain, crew leaders and ship.

If necessary, the Skipper should be prepared to discipline, without verbal or physical

abuse, a ship member. The Skipper helps ensure the safety and well-being of each

ship member. Insofar as possible, the Skipper lets the boatswain and crew leaders

lead the ship. The more capable the boatswain, the more the Skipper should remain

in the background, giving support only when needed.

Some responsibilities of the Skipper include:

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Arrange transportation, overnight stops, marina reservations, and meals en

route to and from the high-adventure activity. (Older youth can make these

arrangements with adult guidance.)

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Assist Scouts to earn their way through fund-raising efforts.

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Help ensure the safety and well-being of everyone in the ship.

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Address ship conflicts that may require discipline.

Passport to High Adventure: Long Cruise (2016)

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Serve as a counselor and coach, and give appropriate guidance to the boatswain

and ship members.

ADULT LEADERSHIP— BSA POLICY

Sufficient adult leadership must be provided on all trips and outings (coed overnight

activities require both male and female adult leaders).

Two-deep leadership. Two registered adult leaders, or one registered leader and a

parent of a participating Scout or other adult, are required for all trips and outings.

Appropriate adult leadership must be present for all overnight Scouting activities;

coed overnight activities— even those including parent and child—require male and

female adult leaders, both must be 21 years of age or older, and one must be a

registered member of the BSA. The chartered organization is responsible for ensuring

that sufficient leadership is provided for all activities. During transportation to and

from planned Scout outings, do the following:

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Meet for departure at a designated area.

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Prearrange a schedule for periodic checkpoint stops as a group.

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Plan a daily destination point. A common departure site and a daily destination

point are a must. If you cannot provide two adults for each vehicle, the

minimum required is one adult and two or more youth members—never one on

one.

Safety rule of four: No fewer than four individuals (always with the minimum of two

adults) go on any outing. If an accident occurs, one person stays with the injured, and

two go for help. Additional adult leadership requirements must reflect an awareness

of such factors as size and skill level of the group, anticipated environmental

conditions, and overall degree of challenge.

Male and female leaders must have separate sleeping facilities. Married couples

may share the same quarters if appropriate facilities are available.

Male and female youth participants will not share the same sleeping facility.

Single-room or dormitory-type accommodations for Scouting units: Adults and

youth of the same gender may occupy dormitory or single-room accommodations,

provided there is a minimum of two adults and four youth. A minimum of one of the

adults is required to be Youth Protection–trained. Adults must establish separation

barriers or privacy zones such as a temporary blanket or a sheet wall in order to keep

their sleeping area and dressing area separated from the youth area.

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When staying in tents, no youth will stay in the tent of an adult other than his or

her parent or guardian.

If separate shower and latrine facilities are not available, separate times for male

and female use should be scheduled and posted for showers. Likewise, youth and

adults must shower at different times. The buddy system should be used for latrines

by having one person wait outside the entrance, or provide “Occupied” and

“Unoccupied” signs and/or inside door latches. Adult leaders need to respect the

privacy of youth members in situations where youth members are changing clothes or

taking showers, and intrude only to the extent that health and safety require. Adults

also need to protect their own privacy in similar situations.

Coed Overnight Activities Policy

All Sea Scout activities shall conform to the ideals and purposes of the Boy Scouts of

America. In order to ensure that all coed overnight activities for Sea Scouts and

invited guests at ship, district, council, area/flotilla, regional, or national levels meet

proper moral standards, the following policy has been established: The Skipper or

council Scout executive must give careful consideration to the number of adults

necessary to provide appropriate leadership for both male and female participants.

The number of adult leaders required by the hosting facility or organization (such as a

BSA national high-adventure base) must be provided.

•

Adult leaders must be 21 years of age or older and be approved by the ship’s

committee chairman and chartered organization.

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Separate housing must be provided for male and female participants.

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An adult male leader must be housed with the male participants. An adult

female leader must be housed with the female participants.

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Written parent or guardian approval is required for each Sea Scout or guest

under 18 years of age.

Other Adult Leader Qualities

Each leader might not have all of the skills required for an activity. However, adult

leaders for a long cruise experience should have some knowledge of that activity, or

enlist the help of someone who does. The combined group of leaders should

complement one another. Physical fitness, first-aid training and certification,

lifesaving skills, survival skills, Leave No Trace and Tread Lightly! skills and outdoor

ethics, outdoor experience, an ability to teach, a good understanding of young

people, and sound judgment are important qualities for leaders. Leaders should be

familiar with conditions in the territory to be covered, preferably by personal

experience, or at least by contacts made well in advance. They should know the kind

and amount of equipment that will be required and how to care for it; the costs of

foodstuffs, gasoline, oil, etc.; variations in climate; road conditions; sources of food

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and water supply; marinas; and places where medical attention can be secured. If

leaders are uncertain about their ability to lead, they must be willing to seek other

resources.

YOUTH PROTECTION

All adult trek leaders must have completed BSA Youth Protection training for

participation in any Scouting event or activity. Your local council has materials about

this important training, or you can complete Venturing Youth Protection training

online at MyScouting.org.

Hazing and Initiations

Any form of hazing, initiations, ridicule, or inappropriate teasing is prohibited and

must not be allowed.

Standards for Privacy

Adult leaders need to respect the privacy of youth members in situations where the

youth are changing clothes or taking showers, and intrude only to the extent that

health and safety require. Adults also need to protect their own privacy in similar

situations.

CHAPTER TWO – TRIP PLANNING

One of the real joys of an adventure is planning for it. Anticipation—that’s what

happens when ship members get out maps, talk over routes, think about favorite

activities, and discuss what to see and do on the long cruise. Once everything is

prepared, anticipation will turn into action and you’ll be ready to travel. By planning

well, you leave little to chance, and that means you can enjoy the outing to the

fullest.

PLANNING SHIP ADVENTURES

Most adventures are more fun when friends travel together, and they are safer, too.

Be sure to have at least four people in your crew, including two adults, so that if one

person is injured, a companion can stay with the victim while two others go for help.

What Are the Ship’s Capabilities?

Before planning a long cruise or any outdoor adventure, it is crucial to consider the

capabilities of the ship. Ask these questions.

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Who will go on the cruise?

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What are the ages of the ship members?

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What are the medical restrictions of those who want to go on the cruise, youth

and adult?

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How much sailing experience does the ship have?

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How much experience does the ship have in the vessels to be used on the

cruise?

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Do the ship members cooperate with one another, and does everyone pitch in to

help with tasks?

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Does each person accept responsibility to help other members of the ship who

may have difficulty?

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Does the ship accept the boatswain’s leadership?

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Does the boatswain discuss options with the ship before making decisions?

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Does the boatswain consistently use good judgment in making decisions?

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How well does the ship deal with tough problems?

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Is everyone committed to safety?

The answers to these questions will make a significant difference in how ambitious a

long cruise the ship is prepared to undertake. Matching the long cruise experience to

the capabilities of the ship is the most important initial step in planning a cruise. It

can make the difference between a successful, enjoyable experience and a disastrous

misadventure.

Matching the Adventure to the Group

Take into account the following important qualities.

Experience and knowledge. The amount of experience a person has is often, but not

always, an indicator of how well that person will do on a trip. Ship members should

have a mastery of the skills of any activity planned. It’s also valuable for them to have

related experience such as first aid training, navigational expertise, swimming and

lifesaving abilities, and an understanding of weather.

Still, abundant experience does not necessarily create abundant wisdom. Experience

must be tempered with good judgment, a concern for the environment and the

members of the ship, and a willingness to learn from anyone who can teach better

skills.

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Maturity. The more mature the members of the ship, the more demanding the

adventures they can enjoy. Mature sailors can take care of themselves and help others

when the need arises. They use good judgment and, rather than waiting for someone

to tell them what to do, keep their eyes open and pitch in wherever they can to make

the ship run smoothly and well.

Attitude. When difficulties arise while a group is away from home, the attitudes of

ship members will determine the success of an adventure. Anger and withdrawal can

spoil a trip, but even the worst weather and the silliest mistakes can be overcome if

the group takes adversity in stride and endures. Cheerfulness is infectious. Keep

spirits high; sails with the most miserable conditions may create the fondest

memories.

Interests. Each member of the ship will have definite likes and dislikes. One member

might love small boat sailing but dislike cruising on larger vessels. Another might

enjoy fresh fish and hate beef. Still another might like to spend time alone while

another person might thrive on the company of others. As the ship discusses what it

would like to do on their long cruise, each person probably will make personal

interests known. All will want to do the things they like best. Are ship members

willing to try something new? Does a ship member have a skill to teach the rest of the

group onboard? Can several different interests be satisfied with one trip, or should

the group focus on a single activity on this cruise and do something different next

time?

Physical capabilities. Different long cruises require different degrees of exertion.

Therefore, be certain the activities you are considering are not beyond the physical

capabilities of your group. An exhausted sailor is not only miserable, but also more

likely to become injured or ill. A clue to the fitness of your ship is the amount of

exercise they get during a typical week. If they regularly engage in sports, walk a lot,

bicycle, or go camping on weekends, they probably are in good shape.

Planning the Duration of a Trip

Determine how much time you have for a trip. Preparatory events could be an

afternoon on the water or a weekend sail, but the long cruise itself should last a week

or longer. Include in your plans sufficient time to travel to and from the points where

your adventure will begin and end. To get maximum participation, the time frame for

the long cruise should fit the schedule of a majority of the ship members. Available

vacation time for adult leaders is a critical factor that must be considered.

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PLANNING WHERE TO GO

The distance a ship can cover on a long cruise is only limited by imagination. There

are many options for arranging a fun, successful and safe sailing trip. You can arrange

for a private charter in the Bahamas, rent a houseboat on the Mississippi, canoe the

boundary waters, attend one of the BSA’s many high adventure bases, or join another

ship on their vessels. If money is no object, the sky is the limit.

The BSA Sea Base in Islamorada, Florida is a beautiful place. There are several

choices for a week of adventure. The cost for six Sea Scouts and two adults is about

$800 per person, but this cost includes the boat, a licensed operator, food and

everything but personal gear and the expense of getting there. More information can

be found at http://www.bsaseabase.org.

If you want to sail in the Gulf of Mexico, Sea Scout Base in Galveston, Texas has a lot

to offer. The state of the art facility offers a range of weeklong activities for about

$700 per person. Lodging, food, vessels and operators are included in this cost. Check

out their programs at http://sssbgalveston.org.

Private charters offer a range of possibilities. The cost of a 40 foot sailboat is

generally about $4000 a week plus $200 a day for an operator. This cost does not

include food, dockage, fuel, etc. If you hire a vessel operator, the law only allows six

passengers on the vessel. If one of the ship’s adults meets the company’s

requirements to be a qualified operator, you can carry as many people as the vessel

will safely hold. To explore these possibilities, go to http://www.sunsail.com.

A number of councils and Sea Scout ships have options you may wish to consider. The

descriptions found online at the BSA’s council high-adventure directory at http://

www.scouting.org will help your ship decide if a council high-adventure program

might best fit the group’s needs and desires. Also consider the alternatives: National

parks, national forests, Bureau of Land Management areas, U.S. Fish and Wildlife

Service refuges, state recreation areas, or privately administered lands. Don’t forget

that Scouting magazine, the magazine sent to registered adult leaders has many

opportunities and contacts advertised throughout its pages.

In planning a long cruise, study the charts for the water you will be exploring.

Estimate the amount of time required to travel from place to place. Estimate time

generously to allow for unexpected problems. It is better to have too much time to

reach a destination than too little. By not rushing, you’ll enjoy yourself a great deal

more, be less apt to make mistakes, and have time for other activities such as

photography, observing nature, and discussing plans for the next day.

Cruise Planning

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Before you leave home, decide how strenuous a trip will be so that once you’re

underway, no one will be caught by surprise. Some ship members may want to travel

long and hard, while others would rather spend time studying the surroundings or

getting into the slip early to swim and prepare a gourmet meal. Take the desires of

everyone into consideration and see if you can work out compromises. Perhaps you

will plan to sail hard one day and have shore leave the next, or plan a leisurely

preliminary shakedown sail followed by a more ambitious leg the next day.

Even the best-prepared ship should plan some leeway into a trek for unforeseen

events. Give yourselves anywhere from a few hours’ to several days’ leeway in case

the weather is bad. You may need to plan shore leave to allow ship members to do

laundry and eat ice cream. Shore leave boosts the spirits of everyone in the ship. The

ship might elect to spend three days, for instance, in one location where good fishing

or numerous opportunities for side trips exist.

Planning an Award-Winning Long Cruise

Almost every element of sailing on a long cruise is also an advancement objective.

Meal preparation, navigation, keeping a log, and boat handling are just a few of the

areas where youth can be showing mastery of advancement requirements. The days

you spend underway can also be counted toward earning the Long Cruise badge for

both youth and adults. The Boy Scouts of America through local councils also make

available the 50-Miler Award, a recognition given to members of a ship which take a

canoe, rowboat, or sailing trip of no less than 50 consecutive miles in at least five

consecutive days, and fulfill requirements for group service projects on the trail.

RELIGIOUS OBLIGATIONS

The Boy Scouts of America is specially pledged to encourage reverence and

faithfulness to religious obligations. It discourages weekend programs that preclude

attending religious services or that discriminate against a member who elects to

remain at home to attend services. Scouting activities should be planned with the

approval of the parents and the religious leaders and should not interfere with the

Scouts’ religious obligations. When traveling, arrange to attend religious services en

route or conduct a Scout vesper service on the sail. Remember to say grace before

each meal.

It is also recommended that weekend driving be kept to a minimum. This is the time

when highway traffic is heaviest, and the accident hazard, therefore, greatly

increases. Unless driving is absolutely necessary, Sundays might better be spent in

attending religious services, sightseeing, and restful recreation in some community of

particular interest along the route.

TRIP PLAN

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TRIP PLAN

When your ship arrives at a consensus of what your itinerary and alternate plans will

be, write them down. Include a full description of your intended route, where you

plan to dock, and what time you will return.

A trip plan lets people know where you’re going and when you intend to be back. Be

sure everyone understands your itinerary, and then stick to it. Good organization

requires that everyone concerned with the group have accurate information on the

whereabouts of the group at all times.

Give copies of the trip plan and alternate plans to parents, the ship committee, and

file the appropriate tour plans with your local council service center. Also give each

member of the party a copy of the trip plan, a list of license plate numbers of the

party’s vehicles, and telephone numbers and addresses of scheduled stops. Make sure

each person understands what to do if separated from the group. This is vitally

important and should include such instructions as:

•

Contact the group by phone at the next scheduled stop and stay at the point of

departure.

•

Contact a designated person in your home community.

•

Look in the telephone book to see whether there is a Boy Scouts of America

local council in the vicinity; call the local Scout executive for help.

•

Call the police or sheriff’s office for help in locating your group.

•

Notify the Scout executive of your local council by telephone.

Where Will You Get Help?

Although your travels may take you far from roads, a large network of people remains

ready to assist you during an emergency if you can alert them to your needs. As you

plan a long cruise, take time to identify, and learn how to contact search-and-rescue

Itinerary Planning

An itinerary is a blueprint of your trek. Once you have the plan on paper, you’ll

discover that it’s easy to see what meals you’ll need to prepare and what equipment

you’ll want to take. You won’t be likely to forget essential details like arranging

transportation to and from the area.

The more extensive the long cruise being proposed, the more thorough your itinerary

planning should be. Sir Edmund Hillary, the first person to climb Mount Everest, once

said, “Good planning means living the experience in advance.” Being able to plan

your navigation ahead of time will help your ship plan an itinerary that is appropriate

for the circumstances you expect to encounter.

Also crucial to the planning of any long cruise itinerary is the amount of food and

equipment that must be carried. (See chapter 5.) The more food and gear that must

be taken, the more often you’ll need to be resupplied.

An alternate plan should be devised for every itinerary in case plans are disrupted by

unforeseen events. When the entire group is involved in this process, unpleasant

surprises

are reduced by considering what might cause a change in plans and then developing

an alternate itinerary.

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teams and medical personnel. Use the Internet to research information, and think

through a course of action you would take to get help. Determine:

•

The location of the nearest medical facilities to the areas of your long cruise

•

How to evacuate an injured ship member

•

Where to deliver an emergency message while you are on the water if someone

in your ship becomes seriously injured

•

Who the home contact person is in case an emergency occurs

•

Who will pay for the cost of an evacuation if one is necessary

The nearest community of any size will probably have a medical facility, but

telephone the chamber of commerce or other community-service agency to be sure.

Emergency Communications

Leaders must be prepared to deal with emergencies that may develop at home,

requiring the immediate return of a member, as well as emergencies on the road

requiring treatment and hospitalization or the return home of a member.

Keep parents informed and, in emergencies, use the telephone according to

prearranged plans.

If an emergency involves the entire group, it probably will be impossible for you to

inform all of the parents, as well as the local council service center. An emergency

contact person from your ship committee or one individual parent should be

designated. You can send a message to that person and let him or her inform the

others. Be sure to designate alternates in case the first person cannot be reached.

As discussed earlier, you should plan a day-by-day itinerary that shows where the ship

will be staying each night and gives a telephone number if a phone is available.

Distribute this itinerary to all parents. Leave the emergency contact person a highway

map and chart showing your intended route. Let your emergency contact know the

time of your departure and your expected time of return.

If you must deviate from your planned itinerary, inform your emergency contact, if

possible, so that parents can be notified. If you are late in returning, people will

assume you have encountered difficulties. If you don’t return at your appointed time,

the emergency contact person should activate a preplanned emergency response.

Therefore, if you are delayed for a nonemergency reason, make every effort to notify

your emergency contact so that an emergency response is not activated. And when

you return, be sure to notify everyone with whom you have left a trip plan so they

know you’re back and don’t report you missing or worry unnecessarily.

Plan for the Unexpected

•

Determine whom to notify first in case of an accident to a member of the

party.

•

Determine who will take charge in case of an accident to a leader.

•

Maintain a well-stocked first-aid kit to be used by trained persons.

•

Make provision for the care of an injured or sick member.

•

Determine responsibility for hospital and doctor bills.

•

Plan what to do in case of accidental separation of the party or individual

members.

•

Plan how to make up the schedule and meet appointments in case of

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Emergency Action Plan

Perhaps the most critical test of your preparedness will be in time of emergency.

Developing and rehearsing an emergency action plan will add precious time needed

for response to a

crisis. This is true on a day sail, an overnight or longer sail, and all other activities.

A plan should include:

•

The person in charge

•

Actions to be taken

•

Alternatives

•

People and agencies to notify

•

Location of nearest telephone or other means of communication throughout

your cruise

•

Location of law enforcement

•

Names and locations of fire and health facilities

REFERENCES

Guide to Safe Scouting, No. 34416, establishes parameters for Scouting programs and

activities and includes information on how to assure safety. It is available at local

council service centers and on the BSA website, http://www.scouting.org. You also

can visit the Boy Scouts of America’s directory of high-adventure programs at http://

www.scouting.org.

CHAPTER 3 – TRAVEL, BUDGET AND INSURANCE

In planning a long cruise, an essential consideration is how your ship will be

transported to the starting point of the cruise. Often this will entail several modes of

transportation. Because transportation can be the greatest expense for long cruise

participants, it’s important to carefully consider alternatives. Travel services on the

Internet can be useful for identifying travel resources. A local travel agency may be

able to help by getting cost estimates for alternate means of transportation. The

usual transportation alternatives include travel by air, train, commercial bus,

chartered bus, or private vehicles including vans, buses, and recreational vehicles.

Before choosing a mode of travel, explore the alternatives and their costs. Don’t

forget to consider the costs of meals, lodging, and additional vehicle insurance

required in each plan. The results of this analysis may surprise you.

If you will be going during a school vacation period or over a holiday, it is important to

schedule transportation well in advance to ensure space for your ship. If you will be

Online Resources

•

Tour p l an : www.scouting.org/forms

•

Annual Health and Medical Record: www.scouting.org/forms

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traveling by private vehicle, you will need to arrange for enough drivers to allow

plenty of relief, as specified on the tour plan.

A long cruise itinerary can be planned to loop back to the starting point or to end at a

new destination. If the itinerary will not loop back, consider how transportation will

be arranged

from the new destination to your home community.

GROUP TRAVEL

Established public carriers—trains, buses, and commercial airlines—are the safest and

most comfortable way for groups to travel. Chartered buses usually are the most

economical transportation for groups of 20 or more. It may be necessary for small

groups to travel in private automobiles; however, the use of chartered equipment

from established rail, bus, and airline companies is strongly recommended. The

advantages are many. These companies have excellent safety records because of their

periodic inspections and approved health and safety procedures.

For long trips, scheduling an airline flight may be the most reasonable mode of travel

in terms of cost. Flying usually eliminates the necessity of overnight stops, meals, and

the sheer boredom of a long trip.

Traveling by train or commercial bus may be a good alternative if the carrier takes

your group to the right area. For groups of 15 or more, train reservations can be

scheduled through Amtrak at 800-872-1477. For groups of fewer than 15 participants,

call 800-872-7245 for Amtrak reservations. The toll-free number to charter Greyhound

Bus Lines is 800-454-2487.

Automobiles/Vans

It is essential that adequate, safe, and responsible transportation be used for all

Scouting activities. Safety precautions are necessary even on short trips by private

automobile; most accidents occur within a short distance from home.

Plan your trip so you never have to push it beyond safe driving limits. Keep your

headlights on to make your vehicles extra visible. A long cruise experience is not over

until everyone is safely home.

The leadership of each group and chartered organization should select competent

drivers. Age alone does not ensure driver competence. National Safety Council studies

indicate that mental attitude, maturity, sound judgment, and safe driving experience

are vital to good driver performance.

Observe these rules:

•

Every driver must be licensed. If the vehicle to be used is designed to carry

more than 15 persons, including the driver (more than 10 persons, including the

driver, in California), the driver must have a commercial driver’s license (CDL).

•

An adult leader (at least 21 years of age) must be in charge and accompany the

group.

•

A driver must be at least 18 years of age. Youth-member exception: When

traveling to an area/flotilla, regional, or national Boy Scouting activity or any

Sea Scout or Venturing event under the leadership of an adult (at least 21 years

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of age) tour leader, a youth member at least 16 years of age may be a driver,

subject to the following conditions:

The youth member must have six months’ driving experience as a

licensed driver. (Time on a learner’s permit or equivalent is not to be

counted.)

The youth member must have a record free of accidents and moving

violations.

Parental permission must have been granted to the Skipper, driver, and

riders.

•

Driving time is limited to a maximum of 10 hours per day and should be

interrupted by frequent rest, food, and recreation stops. If a vehicle has only

one driver, driving time should be reduced and stops made more frequently.

•

Each occupant of a vehicle must have and must wear a safety belt.

•

Station wagons may be used for transporting passengers, but never permit

passengers to ride on the rear deck or tailgate of a station wagon.

•

Trucks may not be used for transporting passengers except in the cab. Never

permit passengers to ride in the bed of a pickup or truck.

•

All driving, except short trips, should be done in daylight.

•

Plan for a minimum of eight or nine hours’ sleep at night.

•

All vehicles must be covered by automobile liability insurance with limits that

meet or exceed requirements of the state in which the vehicle is licensed. (See

“Adequate Coverage” later in this chapter.)

Many accidents result from driver failure or faulty driver performance. Drivers should

always obey all traffic regulations, especially speed limits. Drive at moderate speeds,

keep pace with traffic, avoid fast starts and stops, and keep at least a two-second gap

between automobiles—more for larger and heavier vehicles. (To keep a distance of

two seconds between automobiles, begin counting as the vehicle in front passes some

stationary point such as a mileage marker or bridge abutment. Two seconds should

elapse before the next vehicle reaches that same point.)

All privately owned vehicles should meet all state legal requirements and be approved

by the ship committee and chartered organization as being in safe condition before

the start of the tour. (Engine, brakes, steering, lights, tires, exhaust system,

lubrication, horns, and windshield wipers should be in safe condition.)

Correct tire care is vitally important. Tires should be checked regularly for balance

and alignment and rotated as necessary. Tread should be carefully checked—the tread

pattern must have a depth of at least 1⁄8 inch for safe driving. Air pressure should be

correct and checked frequently. Tires should be inspected regularly for damage.

Keep well off the road if your car has to stop at the roadside. Use flags by day and

flares by night to warn approaching vehicles. Use flashers if the car has them.

Vehicles stopped on the side of the road for any reason should be emptied completely

of passengers to avoid injury in case of collision with cars approaching from the same

direction. Try to avoid stopping in an acceleration lane. Be especially alert at

unprotected railroad crossings and other potentially dangerous places.

During transportation to and from planned Scout outings:

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!21

•

Meet for departure at a designated area.

•

Prearrange a schedule for periodic checkpoint stops as a group.

•

Plan a daily destination point.

A common departure site and a daily destination point are important. Two adults for

each vehicle are desirable. One adult per vehicle is adequate; however, a youth

member should never travel alone with an adult. At least one other adult or youth

member must be present.

Two or more cars in the same tour group should not attempt to stay together on the

road. Drivers should establish points of rendezvous at suitable meeting places. Avoid

driving in line “convoy style.”

Keep all car doors locked while the vehicle is in motion. Keep car windows rolled up

except as needed for ventilation and to keep carbon monoxide fumes from

accumulating in the vehicle. Arms, heads, and any objects should be kept inside the

car.

Vehicles should carry at least the following minimum emergency equipment: first-aid

kit, fire extinguisher (type approved to extinguish electrical fires), flashlight, road

flares, shovel, and road distress flags.

Trucks, Trailers, and Campers

Trucks are designed and constructed to transport materials and equipment, not

people. Never use the beds of trucks or trailers for carrying passengers. Tou r p l an s

will not be issued for any trip that involves carrying passengers in a truck except in

the cab. This includes vehicles converted for that use—unless they are licensed as

buses and meet all requirements for buses. This also means that military trucks do not

meet the requirements even though they may

have benches. They haul military personnel, but they do not qualify to carry Scouts.

Trailers may be used for carrying equipment, provided they meet all safety, lighting,

and licensing requirements. If you will use a utility trailer or canoe trailer, check state

laws pertaining to trailer use. Trailers are not allowed on some highways, so plan your

route accordingly.

Use caution in towing trailers or campers, as a vehicle’s performance, steering, and

braking abilities will be altered. Get the correct trailer for the car and the correct

hitch for the trailer. Distribute and anchor the load. Allow extra time to brake;

changing lanes while braking can jackknife the trailer. Add safety equipment (mirrors,

lights, safety chains, brakes for heavy trailers, etc.) as common sense and state laws

dictate. Park in designated areas.

Buses

Commercial driver’s licenses are required for all bus drivers, but be aware that

possessing a license does not guarantee that a person is capable of driving a bus

safely. It is essential that unit leaders and volunteers be thoroughly familiar with the

bus they will be driving, including knowing the location of emergency exits and fire

extinguishers and how to operate them. A driver must be prepared to handle and

brake a full bus, which weighs significantly more than an empty bus.

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The safety rules for automobiles apply to bus travel, with the exception of seat belts.

A bus should not carry more passengers than there are seating locations. Be sure

luggage and equipment is fastened securely to prevent it being thrown around in case

of an accident. Keep emergency exits clear of people or things. In addition to a

regular and thorough maintenance program, a bus should undergo a pre-trip

inspection of critical systems (signals, fuel, tires,

windshield wipers, horn, etc.).

Chartered buses should travel no more than nine hours a day. Night travel by public

carrier bus may be appropriate and should be considered permissible as long as

passengers can rest and sleep with a reasonable degree of comfort. However, do not

plan night travel on buses for two successive nights.

Trains

For safety when traveling by train, don’t lean out of windows or doors. Stay out of

vestibules. Keep railroad car doors closed. When changing trains, don’t cross railroad

tracks without permission.

In case of illness or accident, see a train official who can arrange for medical help. On

overnight trips, one adult leader should be on call at all times.

Air Travel

Airplane travelers must be cautious about what they pack in their luggage. In flight,

variations in temperature and air pressure can cause some hazardous materials to

leak, ignite, or explode.

Contact your airline for current guidelines regarding checked and carry-on luggage.

Motor Vehicle Checklist

Owner’s

name__________________________________________________________________

Address_____________________________________________________________________

City, state ______________________________________________ Zip

____________________

Driver’s license no. _____________________________ Renewal date

_____________________

Tele p h o ne _ _ _ __ _ _ _ ___ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ ___ _

Insurance company __________________________ Amount of liability coverage $

__________

Other drivers of same vehicle (this trip only) and driver’s license numbers:

_______________________________________,

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OVERNIGHT STOPS ALONG THE WAY

Your travel provisions must include planning for meals and lodging en route. Military

bases generally offer low rates and decent accommodations. Guide to Military

Installations in

the U.S. lists all active military bases. It is available at low cost by telephoning

800-368-5718; by writing to Army Times Publishing Company, Fulfillment Department,

6883 Commercial Drive, Springfield, VA 22159-0500; or by e-mail to

[email protected].

You may also be able to arrange to stay overnight at a school, camp, state or national

recreation area, or private campground, or with a local Scouting unit. The possibilities

are endless.

In planning stopping points along the route, it is important to have complete and

accurate information about the accommodations that are available. You can get

information directly by phoning the managers of the places where you wish to stay.

Make reservations well in advance of your trip to be sure your reservations can be

confirmed. Tell the managers the number of youth members and adult leaders in your

party, dates and times of arrival and departure, and the services or facilities you

desire.

Council Camps

There are BSA local councils in every state in the United States. Many of them have

sites at their camps for groups such as yours to use. Visiting these Scout camps can

afford ships wonderful opportunities to interact with Scouts from other areas of the

country. Some groups will want to make such an experience a main objective of their

trip, and may camp and participate in the program for an extended time. Such an

experience necessitates long-range

planning and, of course, the approval of the councils involved. To learn about Scout

camps, call your local council service center for the phone numbers of councils en

route to your destination. There is also a special iPhone app free at the App Store

titled ‘Camp Scout’ to identify camps within 150 miles of the zip code you want to

visit.

Federal, State, and Local Parks

Many approved overnight facilities are available through the cooperation of the USDA

Forest Service, the Bureau of Land Management, the Army Corps of Engineers, the

National Park Service, and state, municipal, and county park systems. Fees vary with

each site.

Many agencies have established special rates for youth groups. Generally, these sites

cannot be reserved. Therefore, do not send a reservation fee. Even where

reservations are not necessary, a postcard notification of arrival time will help park

superintendents or forest rangers; often they will have a site for a Scout group that

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!24

shows that consideration. Be sure to notify the park superintendent or forest ranger in

case of any delays or cancellations.

Military Installations

Many Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard installations are located

throughout the United States. The military services are interested in Sea Scout tour

groups visiting their bases and stations. In many instances, overnight accommodations

in barracks or camps can be provided for Scout tour groups; however, the military

services cannot offer these facilities in direct competition with commercial

campgrounds or hostelries. Arrangements for overnight stops must be made in

advance or your group will not be accepted. Your plans should allow time for an

orientation tour of the base or facility, to allow your group to understand

better the mission of the base as it applies to the defense of the United States.

Meals can be furnished at reasonable costs and, where bedding is provided, there may

be a small charge for linens and towels. Groups should carry their own bedding in case

they have to sleep on the floor.

To r e q u es t i n fo r m a tio n a bo u t a cc o m m oda t i o ns , b a se t o u rs , a nd n e a rb y p o in t s of

interest, address all correspondence to the public affairs officer of each installation

to be visited. To maintain good relations with our military hosts, Sea Scout tour groups

should observe the following considerations:

•

If the group is unable to arrive as scheduled, notify the installation.

•

If plans change, notify the installation at least 24 hours before scheduled

arrival.

•

In case of emergency or breakdown, telephone the installation immediately

regarding the change in scheduled arrival.

•

If the number in your group changes by more than three persons, notify the

installation before arrival so that necessary adjustments can be made. (Note,

for example, that Scout group leaders are responsible for defraying costs of

meals ordered and not consumed.)

Adult leaders with military connections should not attempt to use their reserve or

military status to secure any special services or favors or changes of plan for the

group.

Caution: Instruct all tour members to listen to adult leaders, to remain together, and

to avoid roaming military areas indiscriminately. Be sure to tell the group that

unknown terrain and all military equipment must be respected for reasons of safety

and are not to be investigated. All tour groups must understand and adhere to any

instructions given to them by military personnel at an installation.

Your group should understand that sometimes military installations may be in practice

or training alerts at the time of your arrival, so last-minute cancellation or delay of

your reservations is a possibility. Be prepared; have a backup facility or campsite in

mind.

Regulations

On arrival at an overnight group site, whether a park, forest campground, Scout

camp, youth hostel, military installation, YMCA, YWCA, or college, the Skipper should

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!25

check in with the person in charge and request a copy of the rules and regulations

governing the use of the area.

Leaders should then familiarize all the members of the group with the rules.

TOUR PLAN

The tour plan is a checklist for best practices to be prepared for safe and fun

adventure. Completing the tour plan may not address all possible challenges but can

help ensure that appropriate planning has been conducted, that qualified and trained

leadership is in place, and that the right equipment is available for the adventure.

In addition, the plan helps to organize safe and appropriate transportation to and

from an event, and defines driver qualifications and minimum limits of insurance

coverage for drivers and vehicles used to transport participants.

Please complete and submit this plan at least 21 days in advance to ensure your

council has enough time to review the plan and assist you in updating the plan if it is

found defective. When the review is complete, the second half of the plan is returned

to you to carry on your travels.

Situations when a tour plan must be submitted for council review include the

following:

•

Trips of 500 mil es o r mo re

•

Trips out side of cou ncil bor ders not to a c ounc il-o wned pro pert y

•

Trips to any national high-adventure base, national Scout jamboree, National

Order of the Arrow Conference, or regionally sponsored event

•

When conducting the following activities outside of council or district events:

Aquatics activities (swimming, boating, floating, scuba, etc.)

Climbing and rappelling

Orientation flights (process flying plan)

Shooting sports

Any activities involving motorized vehicles as part of the program

(snowmobiles, boating, etc.)

At a council’s request (contact your local council for additional

guidelines or regulations concerning tour plans)

Regardless, the tour plan is an excellent tool that should be included in preparation

for all activities, even those not requiring it. It guides a tour leader through

itineraries, travel

arrangements, two-deep leadership, qualifications of supervision, and transportation.

More information can be found at http://www.scouting.org/sitecore/content/

Home/

HealthandSafety/TourPlanFAQ.aspx.

FLOAT PLAN

For every day you are underway on your long cruise, someone reliable must know

where you expect to be and when you expect to return. You must communicate daily

with that person so they know you have reached your pre-planned destination safely.

Leave a copy of a written"float plan"with parents and notify ports of call when you

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!26

plan to arrive and what you are sailing. A float plan includes a description of your

boat, who is on board, a description of the safety equipment you are carrying, where

you expect to be, and when you expect to be there. Instruct the person holding the

float plan to notify the Coast Guard or other appropriate agency if you do not return

within a reasonable time after your scheduled arrival (taking into account weather,

etc.). When you arrive at your destination, or if your plans change, notify the person

holding your float plan to avoid unnecessary worry and possible waste of search and

rescue resources.

There is no special or official form that you must use for a float plan, though you may

find convenient pre-printed ones available in boating supply stores and catalogs, or

you can generate a customized form from the United States Power Squadrons at

http://www.usps.org/o_stuff/fp_form.html.

Do not attempt to file the form with the Coast Guard. The Coast Guard will not

accept float plans.

AMBASSADORS OF GOODWILL

The boatswain should remind your group that they are ambassadors of goodwill for

their community and for Sea Scouting. Agree beforehand to observe good manners.

Sea Scouts and adults represent not only their ship and chartered organization, but

also the Boy Scouts of America. Impress on your group the importance of good conduct

at all times. Here are a few guidelines for you and your ship to remember as you

travel to and from your long cruise:

•

Wear your Sea Scout uniform proudly. You are members of the Boy Scouts of

America, a highly regarded youth organization. A Sea Scout properly uniformed,

sharp in appearance, courteous, and well-mannered is the best medium for

public relations.

•

Use the buddy system: No person ever leaves the group alone.

•

Telephone ahead to your next day’s stopping place. It is inconsiderate to drop

in or cancel without adequate notification. If running late, call ahead to let

them know.

•

Do not use tobacco in public or in front of youth members. It may be offensive

to those around you, and illegal in some locations.

•

Express appreciation to those who extend courtesies to you along the way.

BUDGET

The finances of adventures that require special equipment or involve long-distance

travel should be planned with care. In addition to calling travel agencies to learn

about transportation

costs, you might want to go to several grocery stores to compare food prices.

Carefully estimate all the expenses of your trip. Develop a budget that includes not

only transportation, lodging, and meals, but also training expenses, permits, fees,

insurance, etc. It is a good idea to include a five percent contingency fee to cover

unexpected expenses such as a delay en route or replacement of damaged equipment.

Once you have determined all possible expenses including a contingency fee, the

group can decide how to pay for them. To determine each person’s share, add up the

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costs and divide the total by the number of participants in your group. Can you each

afford your share? If not, you might need to alter your plans, although for exciting,

extended opportunities such as the opportunities offered by high-adventure programs,

you can organize weekend and summer work projects to earn the funds you need.

You may want to sponsor several fund-raising events to help reduce the cost to each

participant. Ship fund-raising endeavors can soften the impact on family budgets and

involve youth in earning their way. Paying your way is an aspect of character

development—one of the aims of the Boy Scouts of America. Youth members can feel

a sense of satisfaction when they are involved in these endeavors. Pancake suppers,

collections for recycling, and popcorn and ticket sales are just a few of the countless

possibilities for unit fund-raising.

You wi ll al so need t o dev el op a sc hed ul e of fe e pay me nt s i f the t ot al pa ym en t i s not

collected at one time. Consider under what circumstances you will refund monies paid

if someone has to drop out. Inform parents of the requirements so that no one is

surprised.

Funds for all anticipated expenses should be on hand before the trip begins and

earned by means in accordance with the policies of the Boy Scouts of America. Each

unit fund-raising activity should be approved by your local council. Use the Unit

Money-Earning Application for your money-earning projects (form in the appendix).

Determine in advance whether money left over at the end of the trip will be refunded

or applied toward the next trip. This should be determined before fees are paid for

the current long cruise so that participants, parents, and leaders know the plan in

advance.

Sample Budget

Item

Total Cost

Per Person

Cost

Transportation

This may or may not include meals. Check insurance

coverage on packs and luggage if traveling by

commercial carrier.

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Lodging

Include cost of overnight stops to and from your long

cruise.

Meals

Each individual can pay for his or her own meals en

route, or meal expenses can be pooled. Include tips

and snacks.

Training

Determine costs for pre-sail training such as SCUBA,

First Aid, or USPS and USCGAux courses

Use or Participation Fees

Include marina costs and fuel.

Insurance

Include vehicle insurance and accident and sickness

insurance if not already covered.

Equipment Purchase or Rental

Include the cost of charts, charter, SCUBA gear rentals,

etc.

Side Trips and Tours

Include costs of any special side trips or activities that

are planned.

Promotion

Include items such as costs of mailings, postage, thank

you mementos, special hats, or ship t-shirts.

Contingency

Allow for the unexpected, such as a vehicle breakdown

necessitating an additional overnight stay. Refund if not

used.

To t a l

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INSURANCE

Consider the possibility that an accident might befall your party, and take proper

steps in advance not only to eliminate potential hazards, but also to protect yourself

and others responsible for the trip. An adequate emergency fund will cover minor

emergencies.

Automobile Liability Insurance

The greatest single risk on a trip is a motor vehicle accident. Make plans in advance

for sound and adequate insurance coverage.

In most states, public carriers (i.e., railroads, scheduled airlines, and scheduled or

chartered bus lines) are required by law to carry liability coverage. With other types

of transportation, however, the owners, drivers, tour leaders, and the Boy Scouts of

America could share responsibility and liability in case of an accident.

Adequate Coverage

The type and capacity of a vehicle and the number of passengers carried have a direct

bearing on the amount of coverage needed. Limits of liability that constitute

adequate coverage will vary in different sections of the country.

Automobile liability insurance will provide financial protection up to the limits of the

policy for the owner or driver of the vehicle, or those named in the policy, for liability

arising from the use of the vehicle.

The accompanying table of minimum recommended insurance coverage represents

the amounts that should be carried as an absolute minimum. Higher coverage is

recommended. The additional expense for higher coverage is comparatively low.

Public Liability and Property Damage Insurance

Coverage

Passenger car, station wagon, or truck *

Recommended coverage

$50,000 per person

$100,000 per accident

$50,000 property damage

Van, RV, and passenger bus (applies only to non-commercial

carriers of 10 or more passengers) *

Required coverage

$100,000 per person

$500,000 per accident

$100,000 property damage or

$500,000 combined single limit

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Types of Protection

Automobile liability insurance is not accident insurance. Don’t confuse the two. Group

accident and health insurance, which provides direct reimbursement to the person

involved in an accident up to the amount of the policy, is also available. Leaders and

parents of Sea Scouts are encouraged to purchase this type of insurance to cover their

youth for all Sea Scouting activities.

Group Accident and Health Insurance

Group accident and health insurance coverage for Scouts and Scouters furnishes

medical reimbursement in case of injury with lasting consequences, within the limits

of the policy amounts. Different forms of coverage are available, depending on your

council or chartered organization. You should verify the insurance coverage available.

Although Scouting high-adventure programs are designed for safety, accidents do

happen. It is recommended that ships purchase accident insurance such as the

coverage arranged through Mutual of Omaha and recommended by the Boy Scouts of

America. The insurance coverage

offered by the Mutual of Omaha plan provides benefits, while the coverage is in force,

for injuries to a registered Scout or Scouter, anywhere in the world, while (a)

participating in any official activity of the Boy Scouts of America or Learning for Life

or, (b) traveling directly to or from such activities (travel is not limited to travel “as a

group”).

The medical benefits provided under group accident and health insurance plans are

not intended to replace family health insurance. They are designed to assure prompt

medical attention is made available without concern for the payment of bills,

especially in an emergency. Ship leaders should contact the local council for more

information regarding enrollment, renewal, and claims procedures.

For a council-sponsored long cruise, the Campers Accident and Sickness Insurance Plan

applies. Covered medical expenses are limited to $6,000, but this benefit is increased

to $25,000 for medically necessary treatment due to the loss of sight in both eyes,

dismemberment, paralysis, irreversible coma, complete loss of speech, or loss of

hearing in both ears. The plan pays for the first $150 without regard to other available

benefits. In addition, many local councils participate in the Council Accident and

Sickness Insurance Plan, which combines the benefits provided under unit and

campers’ plans. If your council participates, you have accident and sickness coverage

for all authorized activities. An adult leader should carry claims forms and medical

* All vehicles MUST be covered by a liability and property damage

insurance policy. The amount of this coverage MUST meet or

exceed the insurance requirements of the state in which the vehicle

is licensed. Also, the coverage can be a combined single limit of

$500,000.

All vehicles used in travel outside the United States must carry an

approved liability and property damage insurance policy that

complies with or exceeds the requirements of that country.

Passport to High Adventure: Long Cruise (2016)

!31

records for the entire ship. The boatswain and other adult leaders should know where

these are kept. Leaders should point out to parents and youth that they are paying

for such insurance so that there can be no assumption of responsibility on the part of

the council or ship to pay for medical expenses.

CHAPTER 4 – PROMOTION AND PREPARATION

When your ship has chosen a long cruise adventure and decided where and when to

go, how to get there, and how to fund the trip, then it’s time to promote and to

prepare for the experience. Promotion helps secure the support of parents and also

informs the community of your plans. Preparation helps ensure that every member of

the ship will meet the challenge and enjoy the adventure.

PARENTS’ NIGHT

A parents’ night is a good way to promote the long cruise experience and to share

information with parents and youth. Download images of the places you intend to visit

and put together a program that will build parents’ enthusiasm for permitting their

son or daughter to participate.

A parents’ night should be used to communicate the plans and details of the trip,

including:

•

Introduction of the leaders

•

Dates and times of departure and return

•

Cost for the trip and how it will be funded

•

Personal expenses not covered by trip fees (snacks, souvenirs, etc.)

•

Clothing and equipment needed by each participant

•

Means of transportation/drivers

•

Overnight stops and side tours

•

Physical examination required

•

Physical conditioning and preparatory training and sails

•

Review of the risks involved

•

Emergency contact

•

Fees and payment schedule

•

Standards of conduct

•

Who pays if a youth is sent home for medical or disciplinary reasons

Sample Promotion and Preparation Plan

When

Suggested Plan

Checkli

Passport to High Adventure: Long Cruise (2016)

!32

August

•

Select a long cruise to meet the desires of the majority

of the ship members.

•

Get ship committee approval and support.

•

Skipper selects the cruise chair and together they

select the planning committee.

•

Determine adult leadership for the cruise.

•

Reserve dates, make sure accommodations are

available, etc. Confirm two-deep adult leadership.

Septemb

•

Develop and nail down itinerary.

•

Determine the method of financing and, if necessary,

select money earning projects.

October

CONDUCT PARENTS’ RALLY.

•

Invite prospects and parents.

•

Make program exciting.

•

Share risk advisory statement with parents.

•

Distribute schedule of fee payments.

number of

people for whom reservations are possible dependent

upon venue and vessel.)

Novembe

Arrange transportation and overnight accommodations to

and from the long cruise.

Decembe

•

Ship committee meets with all selected long cruise

leaders and reviews plans.

•

Make plans for training and parents’ meeting.

•

Select and secure consultants, if needed.

•

Obtain health and medical records.

January

•

Navigation Training: A minimum of 16 hours of training

including computing compass error, setting a course,

computing speed, time and distance, fix by GPS and

two lines of position. This training is set out in the Sea

Scout Manual but you may obtain assistance from your

local USPS or USCGAux.

•

Conduct money-earning project.

•

Secure or repair cruise equipment.

February

Training Continues in ship meetings. Cover Rules of the

Road, Aids to Navigation, Knots, and Vessel Nomenclature

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March

•

Acquire charts for long cruise area. Begin planning the

navigation for the event.

•

Research and discuss historic background, wildlife,

attractions, etc. along long cruise route.

•

Take First Aid/CPR course.

•

Submit tour plan application to your council.

April

•

Send a reminder for final fee payments.

•

Share accident and sickness insurance information,

contact information, float plan and emergency

telephone numbers with parents.

May

•

Submit final fee payment

•

Complete details. Confirm travel plans in writing.

•

If using ship vessels, conduct a shakedown cruise.

•

Prepare and release story to local media.

•

Make a final check of plans, equipment, supplies and

reservations.

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!34

ANNUAL HEALTH AND MEDICAL RECORD

In order to provide better care for its members and to assist them in better

understanding their own physical capabilities, the Boy Scouts of America recommends

that everyone who participates in a Scouting event have an annual medical evaluation

by a certified and licensed

Health care provider—a physician (MD or DO), nurse practitioner, or physician

assistant.

Providing your medical information on this four-part form will help ensure you meet

the minimum standards for participation in various activities. Note that unit leaders

must always protect the privacy of unit participants by protecting their medical

information.

Parts A and B are to be completed at least annually by participants in all Scouting

events. This health history, parental/guardian informed consent and hold harmless/

release agreement, and talent release statement is to be completed by the

participant and parents/guardians. Part C is the physical exam that is required for

participants in any event that exceeds 72 consecutive hours, for all high-adventure

base participants, or when the nature of the activity is strenuous and demanding.

Service projects or work weekends may fit this description.

Part C is to be completed and signed by a certified and licensed health-care provider—

physician (MD or DO), nurse practitioner, or physician assistant. It is important to note

that the height/

weight limits must be strictly adhered to when the event will take the unit more than

30 minutes away from an emergency vehicle, accessible roadway, or when the

program requires it, such as backpacking trips, high-adventure activities, and

conservation projects in remote areas.

Part D is required to be reviewed by all participants of a high-adventure program at

one of the national high-adventure bases and shared with the examining health-care

provider before completing Part C.

For more information on the Annual Health and Medical Record, visit http://

www.scouting.org/scoutsource/HealthandSafety/ahmr.aspx.

RISK ADVISORY

June

Bring completed health and medical records, first aid/CPR

certificate, approved tour plan, and ship roster. Cast off, have

a good time, keep an accurate log, and remember, travel

courtesy pays off.

July

Rest, recuperate, evaluate.

August

Begin again.

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!35

Parents, guardians, and potential participants in high adventure experiences such as a

long cruise are advised that journeying to and from and participating in them can

involve exposure to accident, illness, or injury associated with physically demanding

activities in remote areas. Sea Scouts may be exposed to occasional severe weather

such as lightning, hail, flash floods,

and excessive heat or cold. Other possibilities include: injuries from falls, motor

vehicle accidents, accidents on the water, asthma- and diabetes-related incidents,

heart attacks, heat exhaustion, and hypothermia.

Each participant, including adult leaders and youth members, must have a medical

examination by a licensed health-care practitioner within a 12-month period

preceding the event.

RECOMMENDATIONS REGARDING CHRONIC ILLNESSES

Cardiac or Cardiovascular Disease

Adults who have had any of the following should undergo a thorough evaluation by a

physician before considering participation in high adventure:

1. Angina (chest pain caused by coronary artery disease or congenital heart

disease)

2. Myocardial infarction (heart attack)

3. Surgery or angioplasty to treat coronary artery disease

4. Stroke or transient ischemic attacks

5. Claudication (leg pain felt during exercise; caused by hardening of the arteries)

6. Family history of heart disease in individuals under age 50

7. Weight in excess of recommended guidelines

The physical exertion of high adventure may cause a heart attack or stroke in

susceptible persons. An adult who is 40 years of age or older or who has experienced

any of the conditions above should speak with his or her doctor about the possible

need for an exercise stress test with thallium (a metallic element that helps in the

diagnosis of stress) within three to six months before the scheduled trek to assess the

adequacy of the heart muscle’s blood supply. It is recommended that an adult who is

over 40 years of age who has not experienced any of the conditions above have an

ordinary stress test without thallium. Even if the stress test is

normal, the results of testing done without the exertions of a trek do not

guarantee safety. If test results are abnormal, the individual is advised not to

participate.

Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)

The combination of stressors on the water and dealing with the elements sometimes

causes a significant increase in blood pressure in many individuals participating in a

long cruise. Occasionally, hypertension reaches such a level that it no longer is safe

for an individual to engage in the activity. Persons whose blood pressures are

increased mildly (to greater than 135/85) may benefit from treatment before

participating in the long cruise. Individuals who are hypertensive (having blood

pressure greater than 140/90) are urged strongly to be treated and to have normal

blood pressure (less than 135/85) before arriving at the base of operations.

Medications should be continued during the long cruise.

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!36

Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

Exercise and the type of food eaten affect insulin requirements. Any individual with

insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus should be able to monitor personal blood glucose

and know how to adjust insulin doses based on these factors. The diabetic person also

should know how to give a self-injection. Both the diabetic person and one other

person in the group should be able to recognize indications of excessively high blood

sugar (hyperglycemia or diabetic ketoacidosis) and to recognize indications of

excessively low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). The diabetic person and at least one

other individual in the group should know the appropriate initial responses for these

conditions. It is recommended that the diabetic person and one other individual (in

case of accidents) carry insulin on the cruise and that a third vial be kept for backup.

Insulin can be carried in a small thermos, which can be resupplied with ice or cold

water at intervals. A diabetic person who has had frequent hospitalizations for

diabetic ketoacidosis or who has had frequent problems with hypoglycemia probably

should not participate in a long cruise until better control of the diabetes has been

achieved.

Excessive Body Weight

Any participant or adviser who exceeds the maximum weight limits on the

recommended weight chart should not be permitted to participate in a long cruise.

Anyone who exceeds these limits is at extreme risk for health problems.

Seizure Disorders or Epilepsy

A seizure disorder or epilepsy does not exclude an individual from participating in a

long cruise. However, the seizure disorder should be well-controlled by medications. A

seizure free

period of at least one year is considered adequate. Exceptions to this guideline may

be considered by medical staff and will be based on the specific type of seizure and

the likely risks to the individual and to other members of the ship.

Asthma

It is expected that an individual with asthma will have consulted a physician in order

to establish control of the condition. The asthma should be controlled to essentially

normal

lung function with the use of oral or aerosol bronchodilators. The patient should bring

ample supplies of medication on the long cruise. Individuals undergoing allergic

desensitization therapy who require injections on the long cruise should bring their

medications. At least one other ship member should know how to recognize an asthma

attack, how to recognize worsening of an attack, and how to administer

bronchodilator therapy. Any person who is approved to go on a long cruise who has

required medical treatment for asthma within the past six years should carry a full-

size prescribed inhaler on the sail. Asthmatic individuals whose exercise-induced

asthma cannot be prevented with bronchodilator premedication, who require

systemic corticosteroid therapy, or who have required multiple hospitalizations for

asthma should not attempt to participate in the strenuous activities of a long cruise.

Recent Orthopedic Surgery

Passport to High Adventure: Long Cruise (2016)

!37

Every long cruise participant will put a great deal of strain on feet, ankles, and knees.

Experience has shown that participants who have had orthopedic surgery or problems

within

the past six months find it difficult or impossible to negotiate movement on and about

a boat.

A person with a cast on any extremity should wait until the next long cruise to

participate.

Medications

Each high-adventure participant who has a condition requiring medication should

bring an appropriate supply in a locked pouch. In certain circumstances, duplicate or

even triplicate supplies of vital medications are appropriate. Leaders should be aware

of medications needed and possible side effects such as sun sensitivity. An individual

should always contact the family

physician first if there is a question about the advisability of participation.

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!38

IMMUNIZATIONS

Verification of the following protections is strongly recommended before participation

in activities conducted by the Boy Scouts of America:

•

Tetanus and diphtheria toxoid within the past ten years

•

Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) given between 15 months and 12 years of

age

•

Triva lent oral p olio vac cine (TO PV); four doses sin ce b irth

Religious Beliefs and Medical Care

The following is the policy of the Boy Scouts of America regarding medical

requirements.

Medical examinations for attendance are required of all participants for the

protection of the entire group. The immunization requirement is waived for

persons with religious beliefs against immunization. A note from their religious

organization should be provided.

WEIGHT GUIDELINES FOR HIGH-ADVENTURE ACTIVITIES

Each participant and adviser who will take part in the long cruise is encouraged to

meet the recommended guidelines in the height-weight chart below. Participants who

fall within the guidelines are more likely to have an enjoyable sail and avoid incurring

health risks.

The right-hand column shows the maximum recommended weight for participating in

a high-adventure outing such as long cruise. Anyone who exceeds these limits is at

extreme risk for health problems. Individuals who exceed these limits may need to

reconsider participation.

Recommended Weight (lbs.)*

Height

19-34 Years

35+ Years

Maximum

5’0”

97-138

108-136

166

5’1”

101-132

111-143

172

5’2”

104-137

115-148

178

5’3”

107-141

119-152

183

5’4”

111-146

122-157

189

5’5”

114-150

126-162

196

5’6”

118-155

130-167

201

5’7”

121-160

134-172

207

5’8”

125-164

138-178

214

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!39

SAFE SWIM DEFENSE

Most accidents in aquatics activities are caused by the lack of adult supervision and

discipline. Almost every accidental drowning can be attributed to the violation of one

or more Safe Swim defenses. Safe Swim Defense is required for any activity that

includes swimming. Before a BSA group may engage in swimming activities of any

kind, a minimum of one adult leader must complete Safe Swim Defense training; have

a commitment card (No. 34243) with them; and agree to use the eight defenses in this

plan. (One of the best opportunities for Safe Swim Defense training is summer camp.

There is also an online version that can be taken.)

The eight defenses are:

1. Qualified Supervision "

All swimming activity must be supervised by a mature and conscientious adult age 21 or

older who understands and knowingly accepts responsibility for the well-being and safety of

those in his or her care, and who is trained in and committed to compliance with the eight

points of BSA Safe Swim Defense. It is strongly recommended that all units have at least

one adult or older youth member currently trained in BSA Aquatics Supervision: Swimming

and Water Rescue or BSA Lifeguard to assist in planning and conducting all swimming

activities.

2. Personal Health Review "

A complete health history is required of all participants as evidence of fitness for swimming

activities. Forms for minors must be signed by a parent or legal guardian. Participants

should be asked to relate any recent incidents of illness or injury just prior to the activity.

Supervision and protection should be adjusted to anticipate any potential risks associated

with individual health conditions. For significant health conditions, the adult supervisor

should require an examination by a physician and consult with the parent, guardian, or

caregiver for appropriate precautions.

5’9”

129-169

142-183

220

5’10”

132-174

146-188

226

5’11”

136-179

51-1941

233

6’0”

140-184

155-199

239

6’1”

144-189

159-205

246

6’2”

148-195

164-210

252

6’3”

152-200

168-216

260

6’4”

156-205

173-222

267

6’5”

160-211

177-228

274

6’6”

164-216

182-234

281

* This table is based on the revised Dietary Guidelines for

Americans from the U.S. Department of Agriculture and

the Department of Health and Human Services.

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!40

3. Safe Area "

All swimming areas must be carefully inspected and prepared for safety prior to each

activity. Water depth, quality, temperature, movement, and clarity are important

considerations. Hazards must be eliminated or isolated by conspicuous markings and

discussed with participants. "

Controlled Access: There must be safe areas for all participating ability groups to enter

and leave the water. Swimming areas of appropriate depth must be defined for each ability

group. The entire area must be within easy reach of designated rescue personnel. The area

must be clear of boat traffic, surfing, or other nonswimming activities. "

Bottom Conditions and Depth: The bottom must be clear of trees and debris. Abrupt

changes in depth are not allowed in the nonswimmer area. Isolated underwater hazards

should be marked with floats. Rescue personnel must be able to easily reach the bottom.

Maximum recommended water depth in clear water is 12 feet. Maximum water depth in

turbid water is 8 feet. "

Visibility: Underwater swimming and diving are prohibited in turbid water. Turbid water

exists when a swimmer treading water cannot see his feet. Swimming at night is allowed

only in areas with water clarity and lighting sufficient for good visibility both above and

below the surface. "

Diving and Elevated Entry: Diving is permitted only into clear, unobstructed water from

heights no greater than 40 inches. Water depth must be at least 7 feet. Bottom depth

contours below diving boards and elevated surfaces require greater water depths and must

conform to state regulations. Persons should not jump into water from heights greater than

they are tall, and should jump only into water chest deep or greater with minimal risk from

contact with the bottom. No elevated entry is permitted where the person must clear any

obstacle, including land. "

Water Temperature: Comfortable water temperature for swimming is near 80 degrees.

Activity in water at 70 degrees or less should be of limited duration and closely monitored

for negative effects of chilling. "

Water Quality: Bodies of stagnant, foul water, areas with significant algae or foam, or

areas polluted by livestock or waterfowl should be avoided. Comply with any signs posted

by local health authorities. Swimming is not allowed in swimming pools with green, murky,

or cloudy water."

Moving Water: Participants should be able to easily regain and maintain their footing in

currents or waves. Areas with large waves, swiftly flowing currents, or moderate currents

that flow toward the open sea or into areas of danger should be avoided. "

Weather: Participants should be moved from the water to a position of safety whenever

lightning or thunder threatens. Wait at least 30 minutes after the last lightning flash or

thunder before leaving shelter. Take precautions to prevent sunburn, dehydration, and

hypothermia."

Life Jacket Use: Swimming in clear water over 12 feet deep, in turbid water over 8 feet

deep, or in flowing water may be allowed if all participants wear properly fitted, Coast

Guard–approved life jackets and the supervisor determines that swimming with life jackets

is safe under the circumstances.

4. Response Personnel (Lifeguards) "

Every swimming activity must be closely and continuously monitored by a trained rescue

team on the alert for and ready to respond during emergencies. Professionally trained

lifeguards satisfy this need when provided by a regulated facility or tour operator. When

lifeguards are not provided by others, the adult supervisor must assign at least two rescue

personnel, with additional numbers to maintain a ratio of one rescuer to every 10

Passport to High Adventure: Long Cruise (2016)

!41

participants. The supervisor must provide instruction and rescue equipment and assign

areas of responsibility as outlined in Aquatics Supervision, No. 34346. The qualified

supervisor, the designated response personnel, and the lookout work together as a safety

team. An emergency action plan should be formulated and shared with participants as

appropriate.

5. Lookout "

The lookout continuously monitors the conduct of the swim, identifies any departures from

Safe Swim Defense guidelines, alerts rescue personnel as needed, and monitors the weather

and environment. The lookout should have a clear view of the entire area but be close

enough for easy verbal communication. The lookout must have a sound understanding of

Safe Swim Defense but is not required to perform rescues. The adult supervisor may serve

simultaneously as the lookout but must assign the task to someone else if engaged in

activities that preclude focused observation.

6. Ability Groups "

All youth and adult participants are designated as swimmers, beginners, or nonswimmers

based on swimming ability confirmed by standardized BSA swim classification tests. Each

group is assigned a specific swimming area with depths consistent with those abilities. The

classification tests should be renewed annually, preferably at the beginning of the season. "

Swimmers pass this test: Jump feetfirst into water over the head in depth. Level off and

swim 75 yards in a strong manner using one or more of the following strokes: sidestroke,

breaststroke, trudgen, or crawl; then swim 25 yards using an easy resting backstroke. The

100 yards must be completed in one swim without stops and must include at least one sharp

turn. After completing the swim, rest by floating. "

Beginners pass this test: Jump feetfirst into water over the head in depth, level off, and

swim 25 feet on the surface. Stop, turn sharply, resume swimming and return to the

starting place. "

Anyone who has not completed either the beginner or swimmer tests is classified as a

nonswimmer. "

The nonswimmer area should be no more than waist to chest deep and should be enclosed

by physical boundaries such as the shore, a pier, or lines. The enclosed beginner area

should contain water of standing depth and may extend to depths just over the head. The

swimmer area may be up to 12 feet in depth in clear water and should be defined by floats

or other markers.

7. Buddy System "

Every participant is paired with another. Buddies stay together, monitor each other, and

alert the safety team if either needs assistance or is missing. Buddies check into and out of

the area together. "

Buddies are normally in the same ability group and remain in their assigned area. If they

are not of the same ability group, then they swim in the area assigned to the buddy with

the lesser ability. "

A buddy check reminds participants of their obligation to monitor their buddies and

indicates how closely the buddies are keeping track of each other. Roughly every 10

minutes, or as needed to keep the buddies together, the lookout, or other person

designated by the supervisor, gives an audible signal, such as a single whistle blast, and a

call for “Buddies.” Buddies are expected to raise each other’s hand before completion of a

slow, audible count to 10. Buddies that take longer to find each other should be reminded

of their responsibility for the other’s safety. "

Once everyone has a buddy, a count is made by area and compared with the total number

known to be in the water. After the count is confirmed, a signal is given to resume

swimming.

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!42

8. Discipline "

Rules are effective only when followed. All participants should know, understand, and

respect the rules and procedures for safe swimming provided by Safe Swim Defense

guidelines. Applicable rules should be discussed prior to the outing and reviewed for all

participants at the water’s edge just before the swimming activity begins. People are more

likely to follow directions when they know the reasons for rules and procedures. Consistent,

impartially applied rules supported by skill and good judgment provide stepping-stones to a

safe, enjoyable outing.

SAFETY AFLOAT

Safety Afloat has been developed to promote boating and boating safety and to set

standards for safe unit activity afloat. Before a BSA group may engage in an excursion,

expedition, or trip on the water (by canoe, raft, sailboat, motorboat, rowboat, tube,

or other craft), adult leaders for such activity must complete Safety Afloat Training,

No. 34159; have a commitment card, No. 34242, with them; and be dedicated to full

compliance with all nine points of Safety Afloat. Watching the Safety Afloat

videotape, No. AV-09002, or taking the online version is a good way to begin.

1. Qualiﬁed Supervision "

All activity aﬂoat must be supervised by a mature and conscientious adult age 21 or older

who understands and knowingly accepts responsibility for the wellbeing and safety of those in

his or her care and who is trained in and committed to compliance with the nine points of BSA

Safety Aﬂoat. That supervisor must be skilled in the safe operation of the craft for the speciﬁc

activity, knowledgeable in accident prevention, and prepared for emergency situations. If the

adult with Safety Aﬂoat training lacks the necessary boat operating and safety skills, then he

or she may serve as the supervisor only if assisted by other adults, camp staff personnel, or

professional tour guides who have the appropriate skills. Additional leadership is provided in

ratios of one trained adult, staff member, or guide per 10 participants. For Cub Scouts, the

leadership ratio is one trained adult, staff member, or guide per ﬁve participants. At least one

leader must be trained in ﬁrst aid including CPR. Any swimming done in conjunction with the

activity aﬂoat must be supervised in accordance with BSA Safe Swim Defense standards. It is

strongly recommended that all units have at least one adult or older youth member currently

trained in BSA Aquatics Supervision: Paddle Craft Safety to assist in the planning and

conduct of all activities aﬂoat. !

2. Personal Health Review "

A complete health history is required of all participants as evidence of ﬁtness for boating

activities. Forms for minors must be signed by a parent or legal guardian. Participants should

be asked to relate any recent incidents of illness or injury just prior to the activity. Supervision

and protection should be adjusted to anticipate any potential risks associated with individual

health conditions. For signiﬁcant health conditions, the adult supervisor should require an

examination by a physician and consult with parent, guardian, or caregiver for appropriate

precautions.!

3. Swimming Ability "

Operation of any boat on a ﬂoat trip is limited to youth and adults who have completed the

BSA swimmer classiﬁcation test. Swimmers must complete the following test, which should be

administered annually. "

Jump feetﬁrst into water over the head in depth. Level off and swim 75 yards in a strong

manner using one or more of the following strokes: sidestroke, breaststroke, trudgen, or

crawl; then swim 25 yards using an easy, resting backstroke. The 100 yards must be

completed in one swim without stops and must include at least one sharp turn. After

completing the swim, rest by ﬂoating. "

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!43

For activity aﬂoat, those not classiﬁed as a swimmer are limited to multiperson craft during

outings or ﬂoat trips on calm water with little likelihood of capsizing or falling overboard. They

may operate a ﬁxed-seat rowboat or pedal boat accompanied by a buddy who is a swimmer.

They may ride in a canoe or other paddle craft with an adult swimmer skilled in that craft as a

buddy. They may ride as part of a group on a motorboat or sailboat operated by a skilled

adult. !

4. Life Jackets "

Properly ﬁtted U.S. Coast Guard–approved life jackets must be worn by all persons engaged

in boating activity (rowing, canoeing, sailing, boardsailing, motorboating, waterskiing, rafting,

tubing, and kayaking). Type III life jackets are recommended for general recreational use. "

For vessels over 20 feet in length, life jackets need not be worn when participants are below

deck or on deck when the qualiﬁed supervisor aboard the vessel determines that it is prudent

to abide by less-restrictive state and federal regulations concerning the use and storage of life

jackets, for example, when a cruising vessel with safety rails is at anchor. All participants not

classiﬁed as swimmers must wear a life jacket when on deck underway. "

Life jackets need not be worn when an activity falls under Safe Swim Defense guidelines—for

example, when an inﬂated raft is used in a pool or when snorkeling from an anchored craft. !

5. Buddy System "

All participants in an activity aﬂoat are paired as buddies who are always aware of each

other’s situation and prepared to sound an alarm and lend assistance immediately when

needed. When several craft are used on a ﬂoat trip, each boat on the water should have a

“buddy boat.” All buddy pairs must be accounted for at regular intervals during the activity and

checked off the water by the qualiﬁed supervisor at the conclusion of the activity. Buddies

either ride in the same boat or stay near each other in single-person craft. !

6. Skill Proﬁciency "

Everyone in an activity aﬂoat must have sufﬁcient knowledge and skill to participate safely.

Passengers should know how their movement affects boat stability and have a basic

understanding of self-rescue. Boat operators must meet government requirements, be able to

maintain control of their craft, know how changes in the environment inﬂuence that control,

and undertake activities only that are within their personal and group capabilities. "

Content of training exercises should be appropriate for the age, size, and experience of the

participants, and should cover basic skills on calm water of limited extent before proceeding

to advanced skills involving current, waves, high winds, or extended distance. At a minimum,

instructors for canoes and kayaks should be able to demonstrate the handling and rescue

skills required for BSA Aquatics Supervision: Paddle Craft Safety. All instructors must have at

least one assistant who can recognize and respond appropriately if the instructor’s safety is

compromised. "

Anyone engaged in recreational boating using human-powered craft on ﬂatwater ponds or

controlled lake areas free of conﬂicting activities should be instructed in basic safety

procedures prior to launch, and allowed to proceed after they have demonstrated the ability to

control the boat adequately to return to shore at will. (A DVD was developed in 2016 to help

with reading moving waters, titled ‘Reading the Rhythms of Rivers and Rapids’, available

through the National Ofﬁce of Outdoor Programs/Properties. "

For recreational sailing, at least one person aboard should be able to demonstrate basic

sailing proﬁciency (tacking, reaching, and running) sufﬁcient to return the boat to the launch

point. Extended cruising on a large sailboat requires either a professional captain or an adult

with sufﬁcient experience to qualify as a bareboat skipper. "

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Motorboats may be operated by youth, subject to state requirements, only when

accompanied in the boat by an experienced leader or camp staff member who meets state

requirements for motorboat operation. Extended cruising on a large power boat requires

either a professional captain or an adult with similar qualiﬁcations. "

Before a unit using human-powered craft controlled by youth embarks on a ﬂoat trip or

excursion that covers an extended distance or lasts longer than four hours, each participant

should receive either a minimum of three hours training and supervised practice, or

demonstrate proﬁciency in maneuvering the craft effectively over a 100-yard course and

recovering from a capsize. "

Unit trips on whitewater above Class II must be done with either a professional guide in each

craft or after all participants have received American Canoe Association or equivalent training

for the class of water and type of craft involved.!

7. Planning "

Proper planning is necessary to ensure a safe, enjoyable exercise aﬂoat. All plans should

include a scheduled itinerary, notiﬁcation of appropriate parties, communication

arrangements, contingencies in case of foul weather or equipment failure, and emergency

response options. "

Preparation. Any boating activity requires access to the proper equipment and transportation

of gear and participants to the site. Determine what state and local regulations are applicable.

Get permission to use or cross private property. Determine whether personal resources will

be used or whether outﬁtters will supply equipment, food, and shuttle services. Lists of group

and personal equipment and supplies must be compiled and checked. Even short trips

require selecting a route, checking water levels, and determining alternative pull-out locations.

Changes in water level, especially on moving water, may pose signiﬁcant, variable safety

concerns. Obtain current charts and information about the waterway and consult those who

have traveled the route recently. "

Float Plan. Complete the preparation by writing a detailed itinerary, or ﬂoat plan, noting put-in

and pullout locations and waypoints, along with the approximate time the group should arrive

at each. Travel time should be estimated generously. "

Notiﬁcation. File the ﬂoat plan with parents, the local council ofﬁce if traveling on running

water, and local authorities if appropriate. Assign a member of the unit committee to alert

authorities if prearranged check-ins are overdue. Make sure everyone is promptly notiﬁed

when the trip is concluded. "

Weather. Check the weather forecast just before setting out, and keep an alert weather eye.

Anticipate changes and bring all craft ashore when rough weather threatens. Wait at least 30

minutes before resuming activities after the last incidence of thunder or lightning. "

Contingencies. Planning must identify possible emergencies and other circumstances that

could force a change of plans. Develop alternative plans for each situation. Identify local

emergency resources such as EMS systems, sheriff’s departments, or ranger stations. Check

your primary communication system, and identify backups, such as the nearest residence to a

campsite. Cell phones and radios may lose coverage, run out of power, or suffer water

damage. !

8. Equipment "

All craft must be suitable for the activity, be seaworthy, and ﬂoat if capsized. All craft and

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!45

equipment must meet regulatory standards, be properly sized, and be in good repair. Spares,

repair materials, and emergency gear must be carried as appropriate. Life jackets and

paddles must be sized to the participants. Properly designed and ﬁtted helmets must be worn

when running rapids rated above Class II. Emergency equipment such as throw bags, signal

devices, ﬂashlights, heat sources, ﬁrst-aid kits, radios, and maps must be ready for use.

Spare equipment, repair materials, extra food and water, and dry clothes should be

appropriate for the activity. All gear should be stowed to prevent loss and water damage. For

ﬂoat trips with multiple craft, the number of craft should be sufﬁcient to carry the party if a boat

is disabled, and critical supplies should be divided among the craft.!

9. Discipline "

Rules are effective only when followed. All participants should know, understand, and respect

the rules and procedures for safe boating activities provided by Safety Aﬂoat guidelines.

Applicable rules should be discussed prior to the outing and reviewed for all participants near

the boarding area just before the activity aﬂoat begins. People are more likely to follow

directions when they know the reasons for rules and procedures. Consistent, impartially

applied rules supported by skill and good judgment provide stepping-stones to a safe,

enjoyable outing.!

Note: For cruising vessels (excluding rowboats, canoes, kayaks, and rafts, but

including sailboats |and powerboats longer than 20 feet) used in adult-supervised

unit activities by a chartered Explorer post or ship specializing in watercraft

operations, or used in adult supervised program activity in connection with any

high-adventure program or other activity under the direct control of the National

Council, the standards and procedures in the Sea Scout Manual, No. 33239, may

be substituted for the “Safety Afloat” standards.

CHAPTER 5 - EQUIPMENT

A long cruise requires the proper equipment, just as any outdoor sport does. Without

suitable equipment, you will face unnecessary hardships. But take along the right gear

and provisions, and you can be comfortable on your sail and have a great time. The

essentials include appropriate clothing, shelter, first-aid supplies, and tools.

GEARING UP - INDIVIDUAL EQUIPMENT

Any specific list provided should adhere to the following guidelines. Choose personal

equipment for its practicability and for its anticipated length of service; adapt

equipment for multiple uses when possible. Break in some items, such as boat shoes,

before using them on a long cruise. Select clothing to anticipate potential extremes in

weather conditions. Consider needs peculiar to the area, such as protection from

insects.

Clothing

In the outdoors, clothing is your first line of defense. It keeps you warm in the winter,

cool in the summer, dry in storms, and shielded from insects, sun, and wind.

Layering System

For the most comfort in the outdoors, use the layering system. Choose loose-fitting

clothing that will meet the most extreme weather you expect to encounter, and be

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!46

sure you can put it on and take it off a layer at a time. For example, on a chilly

California morning you might leave

the marina wearing a long-sleeved Sea Scout shirt, long pants, a light weight jacket

and a

stocking hat. As you sail, exercise and the sun will cause your body to generate more

heat than it needs. Peel off the jacket, switch the stocking cap for a ball cap, and

stuff them into your duffle. After the sun goes down, you will want to add another

layer or so. On the Gulf Coast, sailors prefer shorts and t-shirts in the humid heat, but

many carry long sleeved shirts and long pants for protection against sunburn and bugs.

Wherever you sail, don’t forget to carry your foulies along in case of wet weather or

high seas.

FOOD

Working out the menus for a long cruise may appear to be a huge effort, but it’s really

not difficult if you do it one step at a time. First, think through your nutritional

needs, the demands of the activities you’ve planned, the size of your group, and the

amount of time you want to

spend cooking. Make some notes and you’ll see that you’ve broken the big job of

menu planning into a number of small, manageable tasks.

In summer, daily caloric needs per person range from 2,800 to 4,000 calories.

Teenagers will generally require more calories than adult leaders. Plan your menus so

that extra food is available in case of unforeseen circumstances. When you plan to be

busy most of the day, you’ll want meals that are fast and easy to prepare. For long

trips, plan some quick menus and some that are more nourishing. You’ll have the

variety you need to make the meals interesting, and the flexibility to match your

meals with your activities.

Nutrition

While you’ll need to eat more food for some activities and conditions than for others,

your basic nutritional needs will always be met if you prepare meals that include a

good mix

of protein, carbohydrates, fruits and vegetables, dairy products, fats, and water.

If you start the day with a cold breakfast and you make sandwiches and put them in

the cooler before getting underway, you have more time to sail. For dinner, prepare a

hot meal such as grilled pork chops, hamburgers or freshly caught fish and shrimp. It

is best to avoid prepared foods as they are often high in salt. Use the time on your

long cruise to learn to cook and eat well.

Protein. Protein is one of the body’s primary building blocks, essential for developing

muscles and repairing injuries. Beef, poultry, fish, and eggs are all good sources of

protein.

Carbohydrates. Whole-grain bread, cereals, rice, and pastas such as noodles,

macaroni, and spaghetti provide lots of energy and help fill the empty corners of your

stomach. Sugar is also a carbohydrate, one that creates quick rather than lasting

energy. Don’t rely on sugar for much of

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your diet, especially in cold weather, when your body needs plenty of slow-burning

fuel.

Vegetables and fruits are complex carbohydrates. Full of vitamins and minerals,

vegetables and fruits are essential menu components.

Fats. Fats are an important part of outdoor menus, although many people concerned

with controlling their weight may think of them as taboo. Fatty foods such as butter,

margarine, nuts, cheese, salami, and bacon slowly release their energy over a long

period of time, keeping you energized for hours.

Water. Water is as essential for good health as any of the food groups. Make sure you

have plenty of water onboard and that all members of the ship are staying hydrated.

Dehydration can happen quickly while sailing. A good plan is to have one or more five

gallon water coolers on board. Every day, the water coolers should be replenished

with ice and water. Every person on the cruise should have a water bottle that they

can easily have at hand. (If a carabiner can be attached, water bottles can be secured

to the lifelines of the boat. They are out of the way, but are easily accessible.) It is

recommended that carbonated or sugary drinks be avoided when sailing. They make

one more susceptible to sea-sickness.

Sample One Day Menu

Breakfast

•

Cereal

•

Fruit

•

Milk and Juice

Lunch

•

Sandwiches (turkey or ham, cheese)

•

Carrot sticks

•

Chips

•

Snack

•

Fresh pineapple chunks

•

Cheese and crackers

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THE SAILING ESSENTIALS

Any time a Sea Scout ventures onto the water, they should be prepared by carrying

these essentials. Carrying these items will enable a person to be prepared for most

emergency situations.

•

Broad brimmed hat

•

Water bottle

•

Sunscreen

•

Insect repellent

•

Sailing gloves

•

Leatherman tool

•

Flashlight (small LED)

•

Seasick prevention (Bonine)

•

Extra dry clothing

•

Foulies (rain gear)

•

First Aid Kit

FIRST-AID KIT

A first-aid kit well stocked with the basic essentials is indispensable. The vessel you

are sailing on should have a more complete first aid kit, but it never hurts to pack a

small personal first-aid kit in a small metal or plastic box or plastic bag with a self-

locking closure.

Personal First-Aid Kit Contents

A good, basic personal kit should contain the following items. Quantities of suggested

items for

your first-aid kit depend upon your needs.

•

6 adhesive bandages, assorted sizes

•

Gauze pads, assorted sizes

•

Adhesive tape, 1 small roll

•

Roller bandage, 2 inches by 5 yards

•

Molefoam or moleskin (to protect hot spots and blisters)

•

Tw e ez e rs

•

Antibacterial towelettes or liquid antibacterial soap (to clean wounds)

Prescription Medicine

Administering or taking prescription medication is the responsibility of the individual

taking the medication and/or that individual’s parent or guardian. A Scout leader,

after obtaining all the necessary information, can agree to accept the responsibility of

making sure a Scout takes the necessary medication at the appropriate time, but BSA

Dinner

•

Green Salad

•

Grilled Steak

•

Green Beans

•

French Bread

•

Key Lime Pie

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!49

policy does not mandate nor necessarily encourage the Scout leader to do so. Also, if

your state laws are more limiting, they must be followed.

CHAPTER 6 – UNDERWAY PROCEDURES

On a long cruise, it is crucial to everyone’s well-being to establish some procedures

and expectations for work and play. Every member of the ship should be aware of

these procedures before you depart for the long cruise.

One recommendation is for the boatswain to establish a duty roster. Every member of

the ship will have equal responsibilities during the cruise, and no one will feel like

they have been treated unfairly.

ASSIGNING DUTIES

At Anchor or in the Slip

Divide duties evenly among members of the ship, and change assignments after lunch

each

day. If a ship member has earned a religious award in Scouting, consider asking that

person to serve as the chaplain’s aide.

Organize the cooking routine so that everything will be done neatly and efficiently.

Members of small ships may pitch in and help with every aspect of meal preparation

and cleanup. Larger ships can divide the responsibilities and rotate the duties daily so

that everyone has a chance to try each task. In either case, someone must light the

stove or grill, get water, do the cooking, and clean up. Prepare a list of tasks for each

job so that everyone knows what is expected.

•

Stove. Light stove and/or prepare grill for cooking and cleanup.

•

Water. Fill water containers with ice and water.

•

Cooking. Assemble food supplies and follow menus and recipes exactly to serve

meals on time; store food, put cooking pots to soak, and have cleanup water

heating on the stove before serving meals.

•

Cleanup. Set up wash and rinse water, clean cooking pots and utensils; police

cooking and dining areas; store equipment, dispose of garbage and trash.

•

Shipshape. Monitor the condition of the ship, inside and out. Is gear stowed

correctly, are floors clean and clear, are members of the ship keeping their

personal items picked up and stowed, are lines tied correctly or other tasks as

assigned by Skipper or the boatswain?

Sample Ship Duty Roster

Stove/Water

Cooking

Meal Cleanup

Shipshape

Monday

Jim

Jimmie & Dan

Cassie & Mike

Andrew

Tu e s d a y

Andrew

Jim & Jimmie

Dan & Cassie

Mike

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Underway. Your boatswain will have choices to make. Based upon the skill and size

of the ship, they may want to assign one navigator for the day or split the day

between two navigators. Other tasks involved in the operation of the vessel are the

helmsman, lookouts, and deckhands. Usually these jobs are rotated every hour or half

hour depending on the heat. Do not leave Scouts on lookout in the hot sun for long

periods of time.

Note: Always wear life jackets with docking, anchoring or in bad weather. A life jacket

should be worn whenever a ship member leaves the cockpit.

POSITIVE SHIP DYNAMICS

The entire ship and especially the boatswain and Skipper need to relate effectively to

everyone in the ship. Ship congeniality is important to ship harmony. Make it a point

to say something positive to each member of your ship at least once a day. Tell each

person what he or she did well. After the evening meal is an ideal time to reflect on

the day’s bumps and accomplishments and plan for an even smoother day tomorrow.

Wednesday

Mike

Andrew & Jim

Jimmie & Dan

Cassie

Thursday

Cassie

Mike &

Andrew

Jim & Jimmie

Dan

Friday

Dan

Cassie & Mike

Andrew & Jim

Jimmie

Saturday

Jimmie

Dan & Cassie

Mike & Andrew

Jim

Sunday

Jim

Jimmie & Dan

Cassie & Mike

Andrew

Sample 1

Watch

Navigator

Helmsman

Bow

Lookout

Aft

Lookout

Deckhan

1000

Jim

Jimmie

Dan

Cassie

Mike

Andrew

1030

Andrew

Jimmie

Dan

Cassie

Mike

1100

Mike

Andrew

Jimmie

Dan

Cassie

1130

Cassie

Mike

Andrew

Jimmie

Dan

1200

Dan

Cassie

Mike

Andrew

Jimmie

1230

Jimmie

Dan

Cassie

Mike

Andrew

1300

Andrew

Jimmie

Dan

Cassie

Mike

1330

Mike

Andrew

Jimmie

Dan

Cassie

1400

Cassie

Mike

Andrew

Jimmie

Dan

1430

Dan

Cassie

Mike

Andrew

Jimmie

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Ship goals and expectations need to be discussed and established well before the

long cruise. A relaxed, confident attitude toward reaching realistic goals helps

preserve ship unity and keeps the ship from overextending itself. Remember: When

you are hot, tired, hungry, and irritable, so is the rest of the ship. Everyone is

expected to control personal behavior, especially when the going is tough. The

boatswain needs to continually monitor the ship’s dynamics.

Avoiding Conflicts

When a ship is functioning well, a long cruise is rewarding for everyone. In a ship

beset by internal conflicts, however, the experience can be miserable for everyone.

By being attentive to a few standards of conduct, every ship member can contribute

to a positive experience. Living

the Scout Oath and Law is a good place to start. Ship members should live it at all

times. When sailing over a period of a week or more, some specific areas need

attention to ensure harmonious ship relationships.

The boatswain is the elected and designated leader.

The boatswain was elected by the ship, and should be people oriented, relate well to

others, seek input before making a decision, and be alert to the needs of everyone in

the ship. The ship will rely on this person to make decisions, which must be respected

by everyone. A dominant person attempting to take over from the boatswain will

create conflict.

Being tolerant of other ship members and sensitive to their feelings is crucial.

Each ship member should consider, “What habits do I have that may be displeasing to

others? Am I willing to modify my behavior if it is offensive to someone else?” For

instance, dwelling on personal accomplishments or interests may not be welcomed by

other ship members. Rising late in the morning, not changing clothes frequently

enough or just being grouchy are habits that may not be well received. Personal

hygiene becomes especially important when ship members will be living together on

an extended cruise. A reasonable degree of neatness is usually appreciated. When

someone occasionally becomes moody, it may be best to leave that person alone. A

positive attitude and outlook is welcome and especially important during difficult

periods when the ship is under stress.

Everyone should be willing to cooperate to accomplish chores. A duty roster lets

everyone know what’s expected, but there will be times when pitching in to help

others will be helpful to accomplish ship goals.

Borrowing or misplacing someone else’s personal equipment can create friction. A

ship member must always ask permission before borrowing something from another

member of the ship.

Have enough food so that everyone can consume all they want. Hoarding of food is

unacceptable. The ship’s food belongs to the entire ship.

Horseplay has no place on a boat.

Be sensitive when offering advice. If you need to give advice to a person whose

conduct is less than acceptable, use the “sandwich” technique. Offer the person a

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!52

compliment, make a suggestion, and follow up with another compliment. This

approach makes the advice easier to accept and more likely to be followed. It

protects the ego of the person receiving the advice. For example, “I love your helpful

enthusiasm, but you might want to let Jim have a little bit more time to process the

instructions. Keep an eye on him, but wait until he asks for help.”

STAYING HEALTHY

Strict adherence to proper health and safety practices is crucial on a long cruise.

Sailors are responsible to themselves for remaining strong and healthy. Additionally,

each individual is responsible to other members of the ship. Failure to drink plenty of

water, to wash hands before preparing meals or touching food, or to clean dishes

thoroughly may affect the health of everyone in the ship. Health and safety are ship

responsibilities as well as individual concerns.

CHAPTER 7 – SAIL SAFELY

Among the best preventive measures against accidents are alertness and care in all

that is done on the sail, and performing within the ship’s known capabilities.

Most common sailing injuries are sunburn, blisters, cuts, sprains, strains, bruises, and

sometimes fractures. Avoidable tragedies may occur if sailors and adult leaders lack

the skills and knowledge to deal with the problems encountered.

EXPECT THE UNEXPECTED

Anything can happen on the water and often does. You should take measures designed

to prevent accidents and injuries from occurring. Ask yourself: “What would happen if

____________ occurred?” Consider all reasonably foreseeable problems and then

devise a plan to minimize the risks and to manage a crisis.

Involve the entire ship in this process so that everyone becomes aware of potential

dangers and how to avoid them. At the beginning of each day during the long cruise,

the boatswain should give the ship a safety briefing, identifying potential hazards

such as inclement weather, heat advisories or ozone alerts that may be encountered

during the day’s sail and ways to minimize risks.

Sailing safety is a matter of foresight and good judgment. When you’ve planned your

long cruise well, included responsible people in your group, and left a float plan with

someone, you can embark on an adventure confident that you are prepared to handle

any situation.

If any emergency does arise—a sailor is injured, for instance, or becomes ill—calmly

consider all courses of action, then make sound decisions. It may be necessary to call

for help, but think first, then act.

Obviously, the best way to stay safe is to not get into trouble in the first place. That

requires planning, leadership, and good judgment. As long as you keep your wits

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about you and clearly consider the consequences of your actions, you’ll be able to

enjoy every cruising opportunity safely.

DANGEROUS WEATHER

Anyone who ventures onto the water should be prepared for variety in the weather.

Prepare for somewhat worse weather than is normally expected in the location of

your sail at the time of year you go, so that you’ll be able to deal with whatever

weather occurs. Check the forecast before casting off. If high winds are predicted,

reef the sails; if light winds are predicted, hank on the genoa. Please refer to the Sea

Scout Manual for more information on weather related safety. (You can also review

the Weather Hazard Training online at MyScouting.org.)

MEDICAL DANGERS

Hypothermia

Hypothermia occurs when a person’s body becomes so cold that it can no longer warm

itself. It is as if the body’s furnace had gone out. As the core temperature drops, vital

organs shut down. In extreme cases, death may result. On a wet, windy day when the

temperature is between 32°F and 55°F, a tired sailor in damp clothing is a prime

target. Since hypothermia impairs the ability to think clearly, victims may not realize

the danger or be able to save themselves.

To avoid hypothermia, stay warm and stay dry. Eat plenty of energy foods, and don’t

push yourself to exhaustion. If your clothes become wet in cold weather, change

them. If you become chilled, let the boatswain know, eat (refuel the furnaces), go

below and crawl into your sleeping bag to get warm.

If a ship member becomes mildly hypothermic (body temperature below 95°F), get

the person warm. If possible, get the person indoors and immersed in a warm (108°–

110°F) water bath. If that is not possible, go below, strip off wet clothing, and put the

person in a dry, warm sleeping

bag. If the person can eat and hold a glass, provide warm fluids such as hot chocolate.

In severe cases, a second person should also strip down to underwear and get into the

bag with the victim, who should rebreathe warmed air. The shared body heat can save

the victim’s life. Handle profoundly hypothermic persons (body temperature below

86°) gently to avoid causing an irregular heartbeat.

Adult leaders should know the symptoms of hypothermia and the correct treatment

procedures, and should continually observe ship members on the trail for early

diagnosis of this dangerous condition.

Heat Exhaustion/Heatstroke

While hypothermia and frostbite can occur when the body becomes too cool, heat

exhaustion or heatstroke may develop if the body is unable to counter the effects of

heat. In heat exhaustion, the loss of water and electrolytes through sweating exceeds

what is replaced by drinking liquids and eating. It is a state of dehydration and shock.

In heatstroke, an overworked mechanism simply stops functioning, and the core

temperature soars.

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!54

When the weather is hot, keep your body cool. Drink lots of liquids even if you don’t

feel thirsty, and eat salty foods. Wear a hat and loose, light-colored clothing. Splash

water on your face and body.

Symptoms of heat exhaustion develop quickly. Victims become pale and their skin

begins to feel cold and clammy. Breathing is shallow. They may feel nauseated. Have

a victim of heat exhaustion lie in the shade with the feet slightly higher than the

head. Loosen the victim’s clothing and cover him or her with a blanket or a sleeping

bag. When the nausea passes, let the victim sip water to which a little salt has been

added. Recovery is usually rapid, but have the person take it easy for the rest of the

day.

Heatstroke is rare but very serious. The victim’s face is hot, red, and dry. Other signs

include confusion, disorientation, and bizarre behavior. Breathing may be difficult and

noisy. The

person may become delirious or lose consciousness. Body temperature may rise above

105°, which can lead to brain damage or death.

Rest alone is not enough to ensure the recovery of a heatstroke victim. You must cool

the victim as quickly as possible. Dip the person in water if possible. If not, lay the

person in the shade, pour water over their head and body, and drape the person with

damp cloths. Rub the

arms and legs to increase circulation. When the victim is able to drink, give as much

water as the person wants. Get a heatstroke victim to a doctor as quickly as possible.

Sunburn

Sun damage to the skin before the age of 18 is a significant cause of malignant

melanoma skin cancer later in life. The incidence of this cancer is increasing

dramatically in North America (from one person in 200 in 1950 to one in 72 in 1996).

Ship members must protect themselves from sunburn. Prevent sunburn with the use of

sunblock, floppy (broad-brimmed) hats, sunglasses, lip balm, and tightly woven

clothing. Be aware that it’s easy to feel cool yet burn on a cloudy day, when

swimming, or while wearing a wet t-shirt. A wet, white cotton T-shirt provides no

protection against ultraviolet burning. About 90 percent of ultraviolet rays penetrate

a foot of water. And while heat rays do not penetrate a light cloud layer, ultraviolet

light does.

Dehydration

When sailing, you probably will sweat more than usual. Sun and wind will remove

large quantities of moisture from your skin. To prevent dehydration, drink more water

than you normally do. Four quarts a day may be needed, or more, depending on the

conditions. Symptoms of dehydration are light-headedness, dizziness, nausea, general

weakness, and muscle cramps. For mild and moderate cases of dehydration, the

patient should drink liquids and rest in the shade.

Blisters

Blisters occur when skin is irritated, usually by heat or by friction. Blisters on the feet

are the most common, but may also form on paddlers’ hands. Wear sailing gloves to

prevent them.

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Keep your feet clean and dry, and break in new boat shoes before you begin your long

cruise. A “hot spot” on your foot or hand signals the beginning of a blister. Stop

immediately and protect the tender area with a gel dressing. Plain tape or moleskin

over a hot spot can eliminate friction. If a blister does form, you may need to drain it.

Clean your foot or hand with soap and water, and then prick the edge of the blister

with a sterilized needle. Protect the wound by placing a gel pad over the blister.

Bloodborne Pathogens

Many people are concerned about the rapid spread of HIV (the AIDS virus) and try to

avoid exposing themselves to this hazard. Health professionals and amateur first-

aiders like those of us in Scouting may find ourselves faced with special concerns in

this regard. We must know how to act and how to instruct the youth we lead. Try to

maintain the BSA’s tradition of rendering first aid to those in need, using appropriate

precautions.

For safety’s sake, treat all blood as if it were contaminated with bloodborne viruses.

Do not use bare hands to stop bleeding; always use a protective barrier. Always wash

the exposed skin area with hot water and soap or antiseptic immediately after

treating the victim.

WHEN TO STOP OR TURN BACK

When lightning crackles across the sky and the smell of ozone is heavy in the air, you

don’t need to be told it’s time to seek shelter. When borderline dangers arise,

however, the decision might not be so clear. Perhaps you’ve become exhausted. The

weather might be turning bad. A companion might be feeling ill, or you may simply be

having a miserable time. Should you push on despite the growing adversity? Should

you devise a new plan? Should you terminate the adventure altogether and just go

home? A mark of wise sailor is their willingness to stop or turn back if the course

becomes hazardous, since they know that such a decision can spell the difference

between a safe and satisfying outing and a foolhardy flirtation with disaster. A copy of

the U.S. Coast Guard’s Risk Calculation Worksheet: Calculating Risk Using the GAR

(Green, Amber, Red) Model is in the appendix to help you determine when it is time to

stop or turn back.

As you’re planning your long cruise, talk with your shipmates about situations that

might cause you to change or terminate your trip. Don’t head off on your cruise until

you agree that you are all willing to stop anytime hazards develop, and that you will

not be afraid of deciding to alter your activities for the sake of everyone’s safety and

happiness.

Dangerous situations can develop slowly or quickly, and from just about any source.

The fact that they often are unexpected is part of what makes them dangerous. Here

are some of the most common:

Bad Weather

Weather is the outdoor condition that can vary the most, and thus it can have great

effects on your safety. Be sure to check the latest weather forecast before you leave

the dock.

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Fatigue

Sailing often requires quick coordination and sharp thinking. You have neither when

you are overly tired, and that increases your susceptibility to injury and illness. If

conditions on the water cause you to have an extremely long day, make sure you give

the ship time to refresh with food, relaxation, and sleep before pressing on the next

day.

Insufficient Time

An ideal long cruise plan will include plenty of time for every activity, plus a few

hours of leeway in case a ship falls behind schedule or finds additional things to see

and do along the way. However, once you’ve filed a float plan and noted when you

expect to arrive, allow ample time to return on schedule. If that means omitting some

of your planned activities, then do it. Allow time to meet your deadline without

taking risks or becoming exhausted.

Inadequate Food or Water

A group enjoying time on the water will burn up lots of calories, and they’ll need

plenty of food and water to replenish their energies. Going without food or water is

not only uncomfortable, it also can impair a ship’s ability to sail and think.

Low Morale

When trip goals are not accomplished, when poor judgment of distances and time

leads to exhaustion, and when clothing and equipment do not keep ship members

warm and dry, morale can collapse. Time on the water is for enjoyment, not for

suffering and unhappiness. Rectify the situation if you can, but if not, consider

abandoning the sail and trying again after conditions improve.

IF AN INJURY OR CRISIS OCCURS

In spite of your best efforts to avoid it, sometimes an injury will occur. It is important

that at least one person in your ship be currently trained in first aid and currently

certified in CPR. When an injury does occur while you are on any event, follow these

steps in order:

1. Approach the victim safely. If someone has fallen, study the location before

trying to minister to the person. Do not aggravate the situation by becoming an

accident victim yourself.

2. Treat life-threatening conditions. First, stop any serious bleeding with

pressure on the wound and on pressure points. Second, make sure the victim’s

airway is clear and restore breathing. Third, treat symptoms of poisoning and

any other serious injuries.

3. Stabilize the victim. See to the less serious wounds, and treat every accident

victim for shock.

4. Get help. Calmly assess your options. Can the victim be stabilized until you

reach your destination? Do you need to make a Mayday call? (A victim with

injuries to the spine or neck must not be moved without trained medical help.)

Do all you can to keep the victim safe, comfortable, and calm.

Reporting Injury or Illness

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The entire report should be a written message. Even for serious injuries, only a

minute or two is required to get the facts and jot them down. First aid can be

administered while this is being done. In haste over concern for the patient, there is a

tendency to fail to get an accurate report or to remember everything. A written

message will enable rescuers and medical personnel to respond appropriately with

proper personnel, equipment, supplies, and transportation.

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Injury Report

Full name, address, and phone number of injured person:

Age, gender, and approximate height and weight:

Emergency contact, including address and phone number:

Exact location of injured person and a GPS reading.

A detailed description of symptoms or injury: What are the patient’s complaints? Describe

as to severity, location, duration and previous occurrence.

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What are the patient’s pulse, temperature, and respiration rate?

Describe cuts and burns as to extent and severity: Is the patient conscious, unconscious;

hot, cold, breathing quickly, slowly, shallowly, deeply? Is the skin pale, flushed, sweaty,

clammy? Has the patient lost blood? If yes, has bleeding been stopped?

Describe any treatment given to the patient:

Give the name, address, and phone number of each witness.

Describe the condition and training of the persons with the patient. List any needs they

have such as supplies:

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If a medical form is available, it should be kept with the patient until medical

personnel arrives. It is required that adult leaders have a complete medical history

and permission slip for every participant. The medical history form (see chapter 4)

and permission slip, in most cases,

will allow emergency medical treatment of a youth member in case of injury or illness

when a parent or guardian cannot be contacted.

Reporting Deaths or Serious Injuries

Adult leaders should inform the council Scout executive or designee as soon as

possible of a death or serious injury or illness. A serious injury or illness is defined

as:

•

Any period of unconsciousness

•

Any hospital inpatient admission

•

Any surgical intervention other than suturing of the skin or setting of simple

fractures

Leaders should be prepared to give the following specific facts:

•

Who? Name of subject, age, name and complete address of parent(s) or next of

kin

•

What? Nature of illness or accident

•

When? Date, time of day

•

Where? Location and community

•

How? Circumstances of illness or accident, if known; e.g., swimming, boating,

canoeing

•

Witnesses? Names, addresses, and phone numbers

Prompt and accurate reporting to the news media is important and is the

responsibility of your council. Each local council has a crisis communications plan, and

the Scout executive will designate one spokesperson in order to avoid conflicting

reports. In the case of a missing youth or a fatality, parents or next of kin will be

informed by personal contact before any information is released to the public.

Leaders of Scouting units should not discuss an emergency with the media but should

refer media personnel to the council Scout executive for information.

Injuries that are not serious need not be reported to the council Scout executive. It is

recommended that a written report be prepared regarding each such incident and

maintained by the unit for future reference.

CHAPTER 8 – WRAPPING UP YOUR LONG CRUISE

KEEPING A LOG

Lewis and Clark kept a journal of their exploration of the West and their journey still

fascinates readers. You will want to do the same. A wirebound notebook makes a fine

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log, as do hardbound books with blank pages. You will have a deck log that records

your navigation; but a ship’s log keeps a record of what you saw, what was funny, and

all the events of the day.

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WHEN YOU GET HOME

After a long cruise is over, there are still a few things to do. Before you get on with

other activities, take time to unpack, clean, and put away your gear. Remember to

write to and thank people (rangers, military base personnel, medical personnel, staff

members) who helped make your trip memorable.

EVALUATING YOUR SAIL

Even the best planners can improve their experience. After the long cruise, get

together with your ship and discuss what was good about the trip and what could have

been better. Were the meals as easy to prepare and as tasty as you had hoped? Did

everyone stay dry? Did you take the right equipment and supplies? Were the harbors

good, and were you able to leave them with no trace of your presence?

Here are some aspects of your long cruise to consider:

• What went well?

• What could be improved?

• What will you do differently next time?

• What skills do you need to improve or acquire?

• What gear was not used or needed?

• What gear or supplies were needed that you did not take?

• Where will you go next?

Visit the Boy Scouts of America’s directory of high-adventure programs

at http://www.scouting.org

APPENDIX

Unit Money-Earning Application 57

Sample Personal Packing List for Long Cruise 58

Risk Calculation Worksheet Calculating Risk Using GAR Model 59

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SAMPLE PERSONAL PACKING LIST FOR LONG CRUISE

Note: Everything must fit into a soft sided duffle bag about 24 inches by 28 inches.

1. Sea Scout work uniform

2. Boat shoes

3. 12 pairs of underwear

4. 12 pairs of socks

5. swim suit

6. 2 towels and washcloth

7. toilet kit including soap

8. sun screen

9. bug repellent

10.broad brim hat

11.sea sick medicine (Bonine)

12.1 light weight long sleeve shirt

13.1 light weight long trousers

14.6 pairs of shorts

15.Leatherman tool

16.small flashlight (LED)

17.drinking cup

18.light weight sleeping bag or sheets and pillows

19.Required medicine

20.Camera or phone (All phones are stored while underway)

21.Sea Scout Manual

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Risk Calculation Worksheet

Calculating Risk Using GAR Model (GREEN-AMBER-RED)

To compute the total level of risk for each hazard identified below, assign a risk code

of 0 (For No Risk) through 10 (For Maximum Risk) to each of the six elements. This is

your personal estimate of the risk. Add the risk scores to come up with a Total Risk

Score for each hazard.

SUPERVISION

Supervisory Control considers how qualified the supervisor is and whether effective

supervision is taking place. Even if a person is qualified to perform a task, supervision

acts as a control to minimize risk. This may simply be someone checking what is being

done to ensure it is being done correctly. The higher the risk, the more the supervisor

needs to be focused on observing and checking. A supervisor who is actively involved

in a task (doing something) is easily distracted and should not be considered an

effective safety observer in moderate to high-risk conditions.

PLANNING

Planning and preparation should consider how much information you have, how clear

it is, and how much time you have to plan the evolution or evaluate the situation.

TEAM SELECTION

Team selection should consider the qualifications and experience level of the

individuals used for the specific event/evolution. Individuals may need to be replaced

during the event/evolution and the experience level of the new team members should

be assessed.

TEAM FITNESS

Team f i tn e s s sh o u l d c o n s id e r t he p h ysi c a l a n d m en t a l st a t e of t h e s h i p . Th i s is a

function of the amount and quality of rest a ship member has had. Quality of rest

should consider how the ship rides, its habitability, potential sleep length, and any

interruptions. Fatigue normally becomes a factor after 18 hours without rest;

however, lack of quality sleep builds a deficit that worsens the effects of fatigue.

ENVIRONMENT

Environment should consider factors affecting personnel performance as well as the

performance of the asset or resource. This includes, but is not limited to, time of day,

temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind and sea conditions, proximity of aerial/

navigational hazards and other exposures (e.g., oxygen deficiency, toxic chemicals,

and/or injury from falls and sharp objects).

EVENT or EVOLUTION COMPLEXITY

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Event/Evolution complexity should consider both the required time and the situation.

Generally, the longer one is exposed to a hazard, the greater are the risks. However,

each circumstance is unique. For example, more iterations of an evolution can

increase the opportunity for a loss to occur, but may have the positive effect of

improving the proficiency of the team, thus possibly decreasing the chance of error.

This would depend upon the experience level of the team. The situation includes

considering how long the environmental conditions will remain stable and the

complexity of the work. Assign a risk code of 0 (For No Risk) through 10 (For Maximum

Risk) to each of the six elements below.

Supervision

Planning

Team Se l ect ion

Team Fi t nes s

Environment

Event/Evolution Complexity

To t a l R i s k S c o r e

The mission risk can be visualized using the colors of a traffic light. If the total risk

value falls in the GREEN ZONE (1-23), risk is rated as low. If the total risk value falls in

the AMBER ZONE (24-44), risk is moderate and you should consider adopting

procedures to minimize the risk. If the total value falls in the RED ZONE (45-60), you

should implement measures to reduce the risk prior to starting the event or evolution.

GAR Evaluation Scale

Color Coding the Level 0f Risk

10 20

GREEN

(Low Risk)

AMBER

(Caution)

RED

(High Risk)

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The ability to assign numerical values or “color codes” to hazards using the GAR Model

is not the most important part of risk assessment. What is critical to this step is team

discussions leading to an understanding of the risks and how they will be managed.